Identifikasi Patogen Penyebab Penyakit Daun pada Bibit Kayu Putih (Melaleuca cajuputi Powell) dan Analisis Tingkat Keparahannya

Abstract

Tanaman kayu putih (Melaleuca cajuputi Powell) merupakan tanaman hutan yang berperan sebagai sumber utama penghasil minyak kayu putih dan banyak dibudidayakan di berbagai wilayah Indonesia. Salah satu kendala dalam perbanyakan kayu putih di persemaian adalah serangan penyakit daun karena dapat menurunkan kualitas dan kuantitas bibit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi patogen serta mengukur tingkat keparahan penyakit daun pada bibit kayu putih di Persemaian Perhutani Forestry Institute. Metode yang digunakan meliputi pengamatan kejadian dan keparahan penyakit, uji patogenisitas, serta identifikasi patogen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan gejala penyakit daun berupa hawar dan bercak daun. Tingkat kejadian penyakit tergolong tinggi dengan luas serangan mencapai 84,40%, sedangkan tingkat keparahan tergolong sedang dengan nilai 43,33%. Berdasarkan identifikasi ditemukan empat jenis cendawan penyebab penyakit daun, yaitu Pestalotiopsis sp., Colletotrichum sp., Rhizoctonia sp., dan Curvularia sp.

Cajuput (Melaleuca cajuputi Powell) is a forest plant that serves as the primary source of essential oil production and is widely cultivated in various regions of Indonesia. One of the challenges in propagating cajuput in nurseries is leaf disease attacks, which can reduce the quality and quantity of seedlings. This study aims to identify the pathogens and assess the severity of leaf disease in cajuput seedlings at the Perhutani Forestry Institute Nursery. The methods used include observation of disease incidence and severity, pathogenicity tests, and pathogen identification. The results showed leaf disease symptoms such as blight and leaf spots. The disease incidence was classified as high, with an infection rate of 84.40%, while the severity was classified as moderate, with a score of 43.33%. Based on the identification, four types of fungi causing leaf disease were found Pestalotiopsis sp., Colletotrichum sp., Rhizoctonia sp., and Curvularia sp.