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      PENGARUH EKSTRAK ALANG-ALANG (Imperata cylindrica) TERHADAP PENYEMBUHAN LUKA PUNCH BIOPSY KULIT PADA TIKUS SPRAGUE DA

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      Date
      2025
      Author
      Andy
      Purwono, Rini Madyastuti
      Gunanti
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      Abstract
      Kulit merupakan organ terluar tubuh yang rentan mengalami kerusakan akibat trauma, infeksi atau paparan lingkungan. Salah satu jenis luka yang umum digunakan dalam penelitian penyembuhan luka adalah luka punch biopsy. Proses penyembuhan luka kulit melibatkan beberapa fase penting, yaitu hemostasis, inflamasi, proliferasi dan remodeling. Setiap fase membutuhkan intervensi yang tepat agar regenerasi jaringan berjalan optimal dan terhindar dari komplikasi seperti infeksi atau luka kronis. Salah satu pendekatan yang sedang dikembangkan dalam mempercepat penyembuhan luka adalah pemanfaatan bahan alami, salah satunya adalah tanaman alang-alang (Imperata cylindrica), yang diketahui memiliki aktivitas antiinflamasi dan antibakteri karena kandungan senyawa bioaktifnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh ekstrak alangalang dalam mempercepat penyembuhan luka kulit pada tikus, melalui pendekatan simulasi komputer (in silico) maupun uji biologis pada hewan (in vivo). Pada tahap in silico, dilakukan simulasi penambatan molekul (molecular docking) antara senyawa aktif dalam ekstrak alang-alang dan protein target Penicillin Binding Protein 2a (PBP2a) dengan ID PDB 1MWU, yang berperan dalam resistansi bakteri terhadap antibiotik dan protein target COX-2 dengan ID PDB 1CX2, yang berperan sebagai antiinflmasi. Hasil simulasi interaksi molekul bahwa dengan reseptor 1MWU, senyawa Z-18-Octadec-9-enolide memiliki energi ikatan paling rendah (-7,7 kkal/mol), lebih baik dibandingkan ligan alami (-7,0 kkal/mol), sedangkan pada reseptor 1CX2, senyawa Z-18-Octadec-9-enolide memiliki energi ikatan lebih rendah (-7,5 kkal/mol) dibandingkan ligan alami (- 7,4 kkal/mol). Senyawa Z-18-Octadec-9-enolide memenuhi kriteria Lipinski, yang menunjukkan potensi senyawa tersebut sebagai agen antibakteri dan antiinflamasi. Pada tahap in vivo, percobaan dilakukan terhadap 18 ekor tikus Sprague dawley yang dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok, yaitu kelompok kontrol negatif (tanpa perlakuan), kontrol positif (menggunakan salep gentamisin) dan kelompok perlakuan (menggunakan gel ekstrak alang-alang 20%). Luka dibuat menggunakan teknik punch biopsy, lalu diamati perkembangan penyembuhannya secara makroskopis dan mikroskopis selama 10 hari perlakuan. Pengamatan makroskopis menunjukkan bahwa pada hari ke- 10, penyusutan diameter luka pada kelompok ekstrak alang-alang hampir setara dengan kelompok kontrol positif. Hasil mikroskopis menunjukkan bahwa kelompok ekstrak alang-alang mengalami penurunan jumlah sel radang yang paling signifikan, serta peningkatan jumlah neovaskular, fibroblas, dan re-epitelisasi yang mendukung proses regenerasi jaringan kulit. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini ekstrak alang-alang efektif dalam menyembuhkan luka punch biopsy dan bedasarkan studi in silico bahwa senyawa Z-18-Octadec-9-enolide mampu memberikan aktivitas antibakteri dan antiinflamasi yang dapat mempercepat proses penyembuhan luka pada kulit.
       
      The skin is the body's outermost organ and is susceptible to damage from trauma, infection, or environmental exposure. One type of wound commonly used in wound healing research is the punch biopsy wound, which is a circular wound that affects the epidermis down to the subcutaneous tissue. The wound healing process involves several important phases: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. Each phase requires appropriate intervention to ensure optimal tissue regeneration and prevent complications such as infection or chronic wounds. One approach being developed to accelerate wound healing is the use of natural materials, one of which is the alang-alang plant (Imperata cylindrica), known for its anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties due to its bioactive compounds. This study aims to evaluate the effect of alang-alang extract in accelerating skin wound healing in mice, through both computer simulation (in silico) and biological testing on animals (in vivo). In the in silico stage, molecular docking simulations were performed between the active compounds in the alang-alang extract and the target protein Penicillin Binding Protein 2a (PBP2a) with PDB ID 1MWU, which plays a role in bacterial resistance to antibiotics, and the target protein COX-2 with PDB ID 1CX2, which acts as an anti-inflammatory. The results of the molecular interaction simulation showed that with the 1MWU receptor, the compound Z-18- Octadec-9-enolide had the lowest binding energy (-7.7 kkal/mol), better than the natural ligand (-7.0 kkal/mol), while at the 1CX2 receptor, the Z-18-Octadec-9- enolide compound has a lower binding energy (-7.5 kkal/mol) compared to the natural ligand (-7.4 kkal/mol). The Z-18-Octadec-9-enolide compound meets Lipinski's rules, indicating its potential as an antibacterial and anti-inflammatory agent. In the in vivo stage, experiments were conducted on 18 Sprague Dawley rats divided into three groups: a negative control group (no treatment), a positive control group (using gentamicin ointment), and a treatment group (using 20% alang-alang extract gel). Wounds were created using the punch biopsy technique, and their healing progress was observed macroscopically and microscopically over a 10-day treatment period. Macroscopic observations showed that by day 10, wound contraction in the alang-alang extract group was nearly equivalent to that of the positive control group. Microscopic results indicated that the alang-alang extract group exhibited the most significant reduction in inflammatory cell count, along with increased neovascularization, fibroblast proliferation, and reepithelialization, all of which support skin tissue regeneration. The conclusion of this study is that alang-alang extract is effective in healing punch biopsy wounds, and based on in silico studies, the compound Z-18- Octadec-9-enolide can provide antibacterial and antiinflamtion activity that can accelerate the wound healing process in the skin.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/170776
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