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      Estimasi Perubahan Luasan dan Tingkat Kerapatan Tutupan Mangrove Menggunakan NDVI di Kecamatan Penjaringan, Jakarta Utara

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      Date
      2025
      Author
      Nuraliyyah, Fanizha
      Perdinan
      Adriani
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      Abstract
      Kecamatan Penjaringan di pesisir utara Jakarta merupakan kawasan yang mengalami tekanan tinggi akibat urbanisasi dan perubahan tata guna lahan, yang berdampak langsung pada degradasi ekosistem mangrove. Penelitian ini bertujuan menghitung perubahan luasan dan kerapatan tutupan mangrove serta mengidentifikasi pola perubahannya di Kecamatan Penjaringan, Jakarta Utara periode 2016-2024 menggunakan indeks NDVI. Prosedur penelitian mencakup pengolahan citra Sentinel-2 melalui pemilihan komposit tahunan dengan fungsi median() di GEE, pemotongan wilayah kajian, dan klasifikasi tutupan lahan menggunakan klasifikasi terbimbing dan algoritma Random Forest. Indeks NDVI kemudian dihitung untuk mengklasifikasikan tingkat kerapatan mangrove ke dalam kategori jarang (NDVI < 0,33), sedang (0,33-0,43), dan rapat (NDVI = 0,43) berdasarkan standar Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup. Validasi hasil klasifikasi dilakukan melalui uji akurasi menggunakan confusion matrix untuk menilai tingkat keandalan klasifikasi. Hasil klasifikasi menunjukkan bahwa luasan mangrove meningkat dari 208,50 ha pada 2016 menjadi 261,45 ha pada 2024, dengan kenaikan signifikan terjadi pada tahun 2022. Peningkatan terbesar terjadi pada kategori mangrove rapat, terutama di kawasan konservasi seperti Taman Wisata Alam Angke Kapuk dan Suaka Margasatwa Muara Angke. Hasil uji akurasi menghasilkan nilai Overall Accuracy sebesar 88%, yang menunjukkan bahwa pendekatan NDVI berbasis GEE efektif dalam memantau dinamika spasial temporal vegetasi mangrove. Hasil penelitian ini merekomendasikan perlunya melakukan survei lapangan guna memperoleh data ground truth, agar meningkatkan akurasi klasifikasi dan menghasilkan peta tutupan mangrove yang lebih detail.
       
      Penjaringan Subdistrict on the North Coast of Jakarta is an area under high pressure from urbanization and land-use change, which directly impacts the degradation of the mangrove ecosystem. This study aims to calculate changes in the extent and density of mangrove cover and identify change patterns in Penjaringan Subdistrict, North Jakarta, for the 2016-2024 period using the NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index). The research procedure involved processing Sentinel-2 imagery by creating annual composites using the median() function in Google Earth Engine (GEE), clipping the study area, and performing land cover classification using supervised classification with the Random Forest algorithm. The NDVI was then calculated to classify mangrove density levels into sparse (NDVI < 0.33), moderate (0.33 - 0.43), and dense (NDVI = 0.43) categories based on standards from the Ministry of Environment. Classification validation was conducted through an accuracy assessment using a confusion matrix to evaluate classification reliability. The classification results indicate that the mangrove area increased from 208.50 ha in 2016 to 261.45 ha in 2024, with a significant increase occurring in 2022. The largest increase was observed in the dense mangrove category, particularly within conservation areas such as the Angke Kapuk Nature Tourism Park and the Muara Angke Wildlife Reserve. The accuracy assessment yielded an Overall Accuracy value of 88%, demonstrating that the GEE-based NDVI approach is effective for monitoring the spatio-temporal dynamics of mangrove vegetation. This study recommends conducting field surveys to obtain ground truth data to improve classification accuracy and produce more detailed mangrove cover maps.
       
      URI
      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/170438
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      • UT - Geophysics and Meteorology [1717]

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