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      PENGARUH ENSO TERHADAP HASIL TANGKAPAN IKAN PELAGIS KECIL DI LAUT JAWA

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      Date
      2025
      Author
      SALSABILA, NAQIYA
      Hidayat, Rahmat
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      Abstract
      Laut Jawa merupakan salah satu wilayah penangkapan utama ikan pelagis kecil di Indonesia yang produktivitasnya sangat dipengaruhi oleh dinamika oseanografi. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh variasi peristiwa ENSO dan kondisi normal terhadap hasil tangkapan ikan pelagis kecil di Laut Jawa, khususnya di kawasan Muara Angke pada periode 2016-2023. Data yang digunakan meliputi suhu permukaan laut (SPL) dan konsentrasi klorofil-a dari citra satelit Aqua MODIS, indeks ENSO (ONI) dari NOAA, serta data tangkapan dari TPI Muara Angke. Analisis dilakukan melalui komposit musiman, visualisasi diagram Hovmoller, serta uji korelasi Pearson dan regresi linier sederhana untuk menentukan hubungan antar variabel. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa SPL memiliki korelasi positif signifikan dengan hasil tangkapan ikan (r = 0,281; p = 0,006), terutama pada musim barat (DJF) dengan korelasi kuat (r = 0,61; p = 0,002). ONI juga menunjukkan korelasi positif signifikan secara tahunan (r = 0,227; p = 0,022), namun tidak konsisten antar musim. Sementara itu, klorofil-a menunjukkan korelasi negatif dengan hasil tangkapan ikan secara tahunan (r = –0,189; p > 0,05), dengan korelasi negatif signifikan hanya pada musim DJF (r = –0,43; p = 0,037). Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa SPL dan ENSO memiliki pengaruh yang lebih dominan terhadap dinamika hasil tangkapan dibandingkan klorofil-a di wilayah pesisir padat antropogenik seperti Muara Angke. Konsentrasi klorofil-a yang tinggi di perairan Muara Angke kemungkinan dipengaruhi oleh masukan nutrisi dari sungai, bukan produktivitas laut alami.Temuan ini menyoroti pentingnya mengintegrasikan prediksi iklim berbasis ENSO ke dalam sistem pemantauan perikanan untuk mengoptimalkan waktu dan lokasi penangkapan ikan pelagis kecil.
       
      The Java Sea is one of the main fishing grounds for small pelagic fish in Indonesia, whose productivity is greatly influenced by oceanographic dynamics. This study aims to analyze the impact of ENSO event variations and normal conditions on the catch of small pelagic fish in the Java Sea, particularly in the Muara Angke area during the period 2016–2023. The data used include sea surface temperature (SST) and chlorophyll-a concentration from Aqua MODIS satellite imagery, the ENSO index (ONI) from NOAA, and catch data from the Muara Angke Fishing Port. The analysis was conducted using seasonal composites, Hovmoller diagram visualization, and Pearson correlation and simple linear regression tests to determine the relationships between variables. The analysis results show that SST has a significant positive correlation with fish catch (r = 0,281; p = 0,006), particularly during the west monsoon season (DJF) with a strong correlation (r = 0,61; p = 0,002). ONI also showed a significant positive correlation annually (r = 0,227; p = 0,022), but was inconsistent across seasons. Meanwhile, chlorophyll-a showed a negative correlation with fish catch on an annual basis (r = –0,189; p > 0,05), with a significant negative correlation only in the DJF season (r = –0,43; p = 0,037). These findings indicate that SPL and ENSO have a more dominant influence on catch dynamics than chlorophyll-a in densely anthropogenic coastal areas such as Muara Angke. The high chlorophyll-a concentrations in Muara Angke waters are likely influenced by nutrient inputs from rivers, rather than natural ocean productivity. These findings highlight the importance of integrating ENSO-based climate predictions into fisheries monitoring systems to optimize the timing and location of small pelagic fish catches.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/169880
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      Indonesia DSpace Group 
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