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      Keanekaragaman Semut (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) dengan Menggunakan Metode Ant Cafetaria Di Kampus IPB Dramaga, Bogor, Jawa Barat

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      Date
      2025
      Author
      Purwana, Zahira Zalfa
      Mubin, Nadzirum
      Triwidodo, Hermanu
      Triwidodo, Hermanu
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      Abstract
      Semut (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) merupakan serangga sosial yang memiliki keanekaragaman tinggi dan berpotensi menjadi hama di lingkungan urban, termasuk kampus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi spesies semut dan mengevaluasi keanekaragaman komunitas semut menggunakan metode restoran semut di Kampus IPB Dramaga, Bogor, Jawa Barat. Penelitian dilakukan pada Mei-Juni 2025 di 10 lokasi, terdiri dari lima lokasi indoor dan lima lokasi outdoor, dengan tiga ulangan menggunakan enam jenis umpan (ayam goreng, ikan goreng, roti tawar, nasi putih, gorengan tahu, gorengan tempe). Metode yang dilakukan yaitu dengan pengumpanan, pengambilan sampel dan dilanjutkan dengan identifikasi semut hingga tingkat spesies. Tingkat keanekaragaman dianalisis menggunakan indeks Shannon-Wiener (H'), keseragaman (Evenness, E), serta indeks Simpson (D). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa total 2.234 individu semut ditemukan, terdiri dari 9 spesies dari 4 subfamili. Spesies dominan adalah Pheidole sp., yang memiliki distribusi luas di lokasi indoor dan outdoor, terutama di Gymnasium dan Perumahan Dosen. Keanekaragaman semut tertinggi tercatat di Kebun Persemaian (H’ = 0,67), sementara beberapa lokasi menunjukkan dominasi oleh satu spesies (D = 1,00). Jenis umpan juga memengaruhi struktur komunitas semut, dengan umpan berbasis protein seperti ikan goreng menghasilkan keanekaragaman tertinggi (H’ = 0,83). Distribusi keanekaragaman semut ditentukan oleh kondisi mikrohabitat dan tingkat gangguan manusia, yang menegaskan perlunya pengelolaan hama berbasis ekologi di lingkungan kampus.
       
      Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) are social insects with high diversity and the potential to become pests in urban environments, including university campuses. This study aimed to identify ant species and evaluate the diversity of ant communities using the ant cafeteria method at the IPB University Dramaga, Bogor, West Java. The research was conducted from May to June 2025 at 10 locations, consisting of five indoor and five outdoor sites, with three replicates using six types of bait (fried chicken, fried fish, white bread, white rice, fried tofu, and fried tempeh). The methodology involved baiting, sampling, and subsequent identification of ants to the species level. Diversity levels were analyzed using the Shannon-Wiener index (H'), Evenness index (E), and Simpson’s index (D). The results indicate that a total of 2,234 ant individuals were found, consisting of 9 species from 4 subfamilies. The dominant species is Pheidole sp., with a wide distribution across both indoor and outdoor locations, especially in Gymnasium and Perumahan Dosen. Ant diversity was highest in Kebun Persemaian (H’ = 0.67), while several locations showed dominance by a single species (D = 1.00). Bait type also affected ant community structure, with protein-based bait like fried fish resulting in the highest diversity (H’ = 0.83). Ant diversity distribution is determined by microhabitat conditions and the level of human disturbance, emphasizing the need for ecological-based pest management on campus.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/169804
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      • UT - Plant Protection [2511]

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