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dc.contributor.advisorSyaefudin
dc.contributor.advisorSatyawan, Dani
dc.contributor.authorPutri, Candrika Wahyuriani
dc.date.accessioned2025-08-17T05:07:19Z
dc.date.available2025-08-17T05:07:19Z
dc.date.issued2025
dc.identifier.urihttp://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/169718
dc.description.abstractKayu ulin (Eusideroxylon zwageri) merupakan kayu endemik asal Kalimantan yang tergolong ke dalam kayu kelas awet I. Keawetan alami ini dipengaruhi oleh kandungan metabolit sekunder sebagai zat ekstraktif yang bersifat toksik terhadap rayap atau organisme perusak kayu lainnya. Kayu ulin menunjukkan variasi kandungan fenolik dan flavonoid yang terbukti menunjukkan efek toksik terhadap rayap kayu kering. Senyawa turunan fenolik khas kayu ulin berupa eusiderin diketahui bersifat racun terhadap rayap. Namun, penelitian terkait aktivitas antioksidan kayu ulin, serta identifikasi dan kuantifikasi senyawa bioaktif, khususnya neolignan eusiderin I menggunakan High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) belum banyak dilakukan. Sampel yang digunakan berupa ranting dari 15 aksesi kayu ulin asal Kalimantan, yang diperoleh dari koleksi Kebun Raya Bogor. Ekstraksi dilakukan menggunakan metode sonikasi-maserasi dengan pelarut etanol 96%. Penentuan aktivitas antioksidan dari ekstrak etanol kayu ulin dilakukan berdasarkan dua metode berbeda, metode penangkapan radikal 2,2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil (DPPH) dan reduksi ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). Identifikasi senyawa bioaktif eusiderin I menggunakan HPLC dilakukan pada crude extract 15 aksesi dan hasil fraksinasi (fraksi n-heksana, fraksi diklorometana, dan fraksi etil asetat). Fraksinasi diperoleh dari aksesi XX.B.231, yang sebelumnya telah dilaporkan memiliki aktivitas antirayap tertinggi. Analisis HPLC dilakukan dengan kolom fase terbalik dengan fase gerak berupa kombinasi asetonitril dan air. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan aktivitas antioksidan yang sangat kuat pada seluruh aksesi, dengan nilai IC50 DPPH sebesar 14,32 hingga 32,52 µg/mL. Kapasitas antioksidan FRAP menunjukkan potensi reduktif yang tinggi, dengan rentang nilai 2,40 hingga 7,68 mmol TE/g. Identifikasi menggunakan HPLC berhasil mengonfirmasi keberadaan eusiderin I di seluruh crude extract dan fraksi, dengan spektrum maksimum pada panjang gelombang 241 nm secara konsisten. Secara kuantitatif, konsentrasi eusiderin I tertinggi terdeteksi pada fraksi n-heksana (51,66 ppm), yang konsisten dengan sifat nonpolar senyawa tersebut. Analisis korelasi menunjukkan bahwa potensi antioksidan E. zwageri bersifat kompleks secara mekanistis, dimana senyawa eusiderin I berperan dalam aktivitas penangkapan radikal DPPH, sementara kemungkinan terdapat senyawa lain yang secara umum berkontribusi pada kapasitas reduktif FRAP. Korelasi negatif ditunjukkan antara kandungan eusiderin I pada ranting terhadap umur pohon, mengindikasikan adanya realokasi metabolit sekunder sebagai pertahanan dari bagian ranting ke kayu teras (heartwood) pada pohon yang lebih tua. Penelitian ini memberikan landasan ilmiah untuk memahami variasi fitokimia dan potensi bioaktivitas E. zwageri yang penting bagi upaya konservasi.
dc.description.abstractUlin wood (Eusideroxylon zwageri), an endemic species from Kalimantan, is classified as durability class I. This natural durability is influenced by its secondary metabolite content, which serves as extractives exhibiting toxicity against termites and other wood-destroying organisms. Variations in the phenolic and flavonoid content of ulin wood have been proven to show toxic effects against drywood termites. Eusiderin, a distinctive phenolic derivative of ulin wood, is known to be toxic to termites. However, research concerning the antioxidant activity of ulin wood, as well as the identification and quantification of its bioactive compounds, particularly the neolignan eusiderin I using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), has not been extensively conducted. The samples used were twigs from 15 ulin wood accessions originating from Kalimantan, obtained from the collection of the Bogor Botanical Gardens. Extraction was performed using a sonication-assisted maceration method with 96% ethanol as the solvent. The determination of antioxidant activity in the ulin wood ethanol extracts was conducted based on two different methods: the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay and the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. The identification of the bioactive compound eusiderin I using HPLC was performed on the crude extracts of the 15 accessions and on their subsequent fractions (n-hexane, dichloromethane, and ethyl acetate). These fractions were obtained from accession XX.B.231, which was previously reported to have the highest anti-termite activity. The HPLC analysis was conducted using a reversed-phase column with a mobile phase comprising a combination of acetonitrile and water. The results demonstrated very strong antioxidant activity across all accessions, with DPPH IC50 values ranging from 14.32 to 32.52 µg/mL. The FRAP antioxidant capacity indicated a high reductive potential, with values ranging from 2.40 to 7.68 mmol TE/g. Identification using HPLC successfully confirmed the presence of eusiderin I in all crude extracts and fractions, consistently showing a maximum absorption spectrum at a wavelength of 241 nm. Quantitatively, the highest concentration of eusiderin I was detected in the n-hexane fraction (51.66 ppm), which is consistent with the non-polar nature of the compound. Correlation analysis suggests that the antioxidant potential of E. zwageri is mechanistically complex, wherein the compound eusiderin I contributes to the DPPH radical scavenging activity, while other compounds likely contribute to the overall reductive FRAP capacity. A negative correlation was observed between the eusiderin I content in twigs and tree age, indicating a reallocation of secondary metabolites from the twigs to the heartwood for defense in older trees. This research provides a scientific foundation for understanding the phytochemical variations and bioactivity potential of E. zwageri, which is crucial for conservation efforts.
dc.description.sponsorshipBadan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional
dc.language.isoid
dc.publisherIPB Universityid
dc.titlePenentuan Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Identifikasi Senyawa Bioaktif menggunakan HPLC dari Aksesi Kayu Ulin (Eusideroxylon zwageri) Asal Kalimantanid
dc.title.alternativeDetermination of Antioxidant Activity and Identification of Bioactive Compounds using HPLC from Ulin Wood (Eusideroxylon zwageri) Accessions from Kalimantan
dc.typeTesis
dc.subject.keywordcorrelationid
dc.subject.keywordDPPHid
dc.subject.keywordFRAPid
dc.subject.keywordextractiveid
dc.subject.keywordtree ageid


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