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      Keanekaragaman dan Komposisi Kumbang Jelajah (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) Arboreal dan Serasah pada Empat Tipe Penggunaan Lahan di Jambi

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      Date
      2025
      Author
      Puspitasari, Tri Utami
      Damayanti
      Hidayat, Purnama
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      Abstract
      Konversi hutan di daerah tropis memiliki dampak yang signifikan pada keanekaragaman hayati, terutama pada populasi serangga sensitif seperti kumbang jelajah (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). Kumbang jelajah yang dikenal karena peran ekologisnya dalam dekomposisi, kesehatan tanah, dan pemangsaan hama, sangat sensitif terhadap perubahan lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari dampak perubahan tipe penggunaan lahan terhadap keanekaragaman dan komposisi kumbang jelajah serta mengetahui morfospesies khusus pada masing-masing tipe penggunaan lahan dan metode pengambilan sampel. Penelitian ini dilakukan di empat tipe penggunaan lahan yang berbeda, antara lain hutan, area semak, perkebunan karet, dan perkebunan kelapa sawit di Jambi, Sumatra. Setiap tipe penggunaan lahan memiliki 33 plot dengan total 124 plot yang diamati. Sampel kumbang jelajah dikumpulkan menggunakan dua metode, yaitu fogging dan winkler. Total individu Staphylinidae yang berhasil dikoleksi sebanyak 8381 individu. 8381 individu Staphylinidae terdiri dari 14 subfamili, 22 genus, dan 103 morfospesies. Hutan memiliki kelimpahan dan kekayaan spesies tertinggi diikuti oleh area semak, perkebunan karet, dan terendah di perkebunan kelapa sawit. Berdasarkan uji ANOVA, tipe penggunaan lahan (glm, F(3,259) = 8,566, ?? = 0,03565) dan metode pengambilan sampel (glm, F(1,259) = 24,4891, ?? = 7,438 × 10^-7) berpengaruh nyata terhadap kekayaan spesies kumbang jelajah. Adapun kelimpahan juga dipengaruhi oleh perbedaan tipe penggunaan lahan (glm, F(3,259) = 21,333, ?? = 8,976 × 10^-5) dan metode pengambilan sampel (glm, F(1,259) = 6,126, ?? = 0,013). Selain itu, komposisi morfospesies juga menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan pada empat tipe penggunaan lahan (manyglm, Wald(3,257) = 21,35; ?? = 0,001) dan dua metode pengambilan sampel (manyglm, Wald(1,256) = 29,14; ?? = 0,001). Kawasan hutan dan area semak menunjukkan tingkat kemiripan morfospesies yang tinggi dan berbeda dengan perkebunan monokultur. Adapun subfamili dominan yang ditemukan pada keempat tipe penggunaan lahan berasal dari subfamili Aleocharinae dan Paederinae. Morfospesies dengan kelimpahan tertinggi yaitu Paederinae sp.10.
       
      Forest conversion in tropical areas has significant impacts on biodiversity, particularly on sensitive insect populations like rove beetles (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae). Rove beetles, known for their ecological roles in decomposition, soil health, and predation on pests, are highly sensitive to environmental changes. This study aims to examine the effects of land use changes on the diversity and species composition of rove beetles and also to identify the unique species found in different land use types. This research was conducted across four different land use types, including forests, shrubland, and monoculture plantations of rubber and oil palm in Jambi, Sumatra. Each land use type has 33 plots with total 124 plots observed. Rove beetle samples were collected using two methods, including canopy fogging and litter extraction (winkler method). In total, 8381 individuals of Staphylinidae were collected, consisting of 14 subfamilies, 22 genera, and 103 morphospecies. Forest had the highest abundance and species richness, followed by shrubland, rubber plantation, and the lowest in oil palm plantation. Based on ANOVA test, land use type (glm, F(3,259) = 8,566, ?? = 0,03565) and sampling method (glm, F(1,259) = 24,4891, ?? = 7,438 × 10^-7) had significant effects on the species richness of rove beetles. Species richness was influenced by differences in land use type (glm, F(glm, F(3,259) = 21,333, ?? = 8,976 × 10^-5) and sampling method (glm, F(1,259) = 6,126, ?? = 0,013). Additionally, the composition of morphospecies was significantly influenced by land use type (manyglm, Wald(3,257) = 21,35; ?? = 0,001) and sampling method (manyglm, Wald(1,256) = 29,14; ?? = 0,001). Forest and shrubland areas showed high similarity in morphospecies composition, which was different from monoculture plantations. The dominant subfamilies found in all four land use types were from Aleocharinae and Paederinae. The morphospecies with the highest abundance was Paederinae sp.10.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/169714
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      Indonesia DSpace Group 
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