| dc.contributor.advisor | Rachmania, Nisa | |
| dc.contributor.advisor | Ambarsari, Laksmi | |
| dc.contributor.author | Maulawi, Sakina Maya | |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2025-08-13T13:53:05Z | |
| dc.date.available | 2025-08-13T13:53:05Z | |
| dc.date.issued | 2025 | |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/169048 | |
| dc.description.abstract | Protease merupakan enzim pengurai protein yang dapat dihasilkan oleh berbagai organisme, termasuk bakteri proteolitik seperti Acinetobacter, Bacillus, dan Lactobacillus. Bakteri ini berperan penting dalam industri karena dapat dikulturkan dan direkayasa secara genetik. Inasua ialah makanan fermentasi ikan khas Maluku, diketahui mengandung bakteri asam laktat (BAL). Salah satu isolat asal inasua, yaitu Lacticaseibacillus paracasei IN17 diketahui dapat memproduksi protease ekstraseluler dan telah melalui tahap awal pemurnian menggunakan amonium sulfat 20 %. Tahapan lanjutan seperti dialisis untuk meningkatkan kemurnian dan aktivitasnya serta analisis terhadap protease intraseluler diperlukan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk memurnikan, karakterisasi, dan menganalisis secara molekuler gen penyandi protease dari L. paracasei IN17 asal inasua.
Produksi protease dilakukan dalam media selektif dengan inkubasi statis. Enzim diekstraksi dari fraksi ekstraseluler dan intraseluler, fraksi terpilih kemudian dimurnikan melalui pengendapan amonium sulfat 20 % dan dialisis. Karakterisasi enzim meliputi penentuan pH dan suhu optimum, pengaruh ion logam, parameter kinetik, serta analisis berat molekul dan aktivitas enzim menggunakan sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) dan zimogram. Analisis molekuler dilakukan melalui amplifikasi gen penyandi protease prtP serta memprediksi struktur tiga dimensi dari protease PrtP.
L. paracasei IN17 dapat menghasilkan enzim protease secara ekstraseluler maupun intraseluler. Fraksi intraseluler IN17 menunjukkan aktivitas spesifik sebesar 0,023 U/mg, nilai yang relatif rendah dibanding ekstraseluler. Aktivitas spesifik protease ekstraseluler setelah pemurninan meningkat dari 0,079 U/mg menjadi 0,182 U/mg, dengan perolehan enzim mencapai 18,87 %. Hasil ini menunjukkan peningkatan kemurnian yang efektif, sesuai strategi optimal dalam pemurnian enzim. Aktivitas protease tertinggi diperoleh pada pH 6 untuk ekstraseluler dan pH 7 untuk intraseluler, dengan suhu optimum masing-masing pada 37 °C. Ion logam seperti Mn²?, Ca²?, Cu²?, dan Zn²? mampu meningkatkan aktivitas enzim, sementara EDTA tidak secara signifikan menurunkan aktivitas, sehingga protease ini belum dapat digolongkan sebagai metaloprotease. Aktivitas protease ekstraseluler meningkat seiring dengan volume fermentasi, sedangkan enzim intraseluler memiliki keunggulan stabilitas dan konsentrasi karena tidak terencerkan oleh media.
Parameter kinetik menunjukkan bahwa nilai konstanta Michaelis (Km) protease intraseluler 1,48 kali lebih besar dibandingkan protease ekstraseluler, yang menunjukkan afinitas substrat yang lebih rendah. Sebaliknya, nilai kecepatan maksimum (Vmaks) enzim ekstraseluler 2,85 kali lebih tinggi daripada enzim intraseluler, mengindikasikan kemampuan katalitik yang lebih tinggi. Nilai Km yang lebih kecil dan Vmaks yang lebih besar pada fraksi ekstraseluler menunjukkan bahwa enzim tersebut lebih efisien dalam mengikat substrat walaupun pada kondisi konsentrasi substrat yang lebih rendah. Hasil SDS-PAGE menunjukkan beberapa pita protein, dan pada fraksi intraseluler terdeteksi pita dominan berukuran ~26 kDa yang teridentifikasi sebagai protease aktif melalui uji zimogram. Pita ~26 kDa ini identik dengan ukuran protease dari bakteri lain yang memiliki aktivitas proteolitik intraseluler. Sementara pada ekstraseluler, meskipun muncul beberapa pita protein, tidak terbentuk zona tidak berwarna pada gel zimogram, kemungkinan akibat rendahnya konsentrasi protein.
Gen penyandi protease prtP berhasil diamplifikasi dengan amplikon berukuran ~5800 pb, yang memberikan bukti molekuler bahwa L. paracasei IN17 memiliki potensi sebagai sumber cell envelope protease. Struktur tiga dimensi protease hasil prediksi memperlihatkan bahwa domain katalitik protease ekstraseluler L. paracasei IN17 memiliki kesesuaian dengan karakteristik protease kelompok serin protease, termasuk keberadaan triad katalitik khas Ser-His-Asp. Model ini menunjukkan lipatan khas serin protease dan keberadaan domain penyusun seperti pre-pro-domain dan domain pengikat dinding sel (anchor). Prediksi ini memberikan gambaran awal mengenai kemungkinan mekanisme kerja protease dan relevansinya terhadap aktivitas enzimatik yang diamati secara eksperimental.
Penemuan ini juga memperluas informasi bahwa strain dari sumber non-susu seperti inasua juga dapat mengandung gen yang sama dengan galur dari produk fermentasi susu. Temuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa protease dari L. paracasei IN17 memiliki potensi bioteknologi yang tinggi untuk dikembangkan lebih lanjut sebagai enzim industri, khususnya dalam aplikasi fermentasi pangan maupun pemrosesan protein. | |
| dc.description.abstract | Proteases are protein-degrading enzymes that can be produced by various organisms, including proteolytic bacteria such as Acinetobacter, Bacillus, and Lactobacillus. These bacteria play an important role in industry because they can be cultured and genetically engineered. Inasua, a traditional fermented fish product from Maluku, is known to contain lactic acid bacteria (LAB). One isolate from inasua, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei IN17, has been found to produce extracellular protease and has undergone preliminary purification using 20 % ammonium sulfate. Further steps, such as dialysis to increase purity and activity, as well as analysis of intracellular protease, are necessary. Therefore, this study was conducted to purify, characterize, and analyze the protease-encoding gene from L. paracasei IN17 isolated from inasua.
Protease production was carried out in selective media under static incubation. Enzymes were extracted from both extracellular and intracellular fractions, and the selected fractions were then purified through 20 % ammonium sulfate precipitation and dialysis. Enzyme characterization included determination of optimal pH and temperature, the effect of metal ions, kinetic parameters, and analysis of molecular weight and enzymatic activity using sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and zymogram. Molecular analysis was conducted through amplification of the protease-encoding gene prtP and prediction of the three-dimensional structure of PrtP protease.
L. paracasei IN17 was capable of producing protease both extracellularly and intracellularly. The intracellular fraction showed a specific activity of 0,023 U/mg, a relatively low value compared to the extracellular fraction. The specific activity of the extracellular protease increased from 0,079 U/mg to 0,182 U/mg after purification, with an enzyme yield of 18,87 %. These results indicate an effective increase in purity, in line with optimal enzyme purification strategies. The highest protease activity was observed at pH 6 for the extracellular fraction and pH 7 for the intracellular fraction, with optimal temperature at 37? °C for both. Metal ions such as Mn²?, Ca²?, Cu²?, and Zn²? enhanced enzyme activity, while EDTA did not significantly reduce activity, suggesting that this protease cannot yet be classified as a metalloprotease. The extracellular protease activity increased with fermentation volume, while the intracellular enzyme had advantages in stability and concentration since it was not diluted by the medium.
Kinetic parameters showed that the Michaelis constant (Km) value of the intracellular protease was 1,48 times higher than that of the extracellular protease, indicating lower substrate affinity. Conversely, the maximum velocity (Vmax) of the extracellular enzyme was 2,85 times higher than that of the intracellular enzyme, suggesting higher catalytic capability. The lower Km and higher Vmax values of the extracellular fraction indicate that the enzyme is more efficient in substrate binding even at lower substrate concentrations. SDS-PAGE results revealed several protein bands, and a dominant ~26 kDa band was detected in the intracellular fraction, identified as an active protease by zymogram analysis. This ~26 kDa band is consistent with the size of intracellular proteases from other bacteria. In the extracellular fraction, although several protein bands were present, no clear zone was formed in the zymogram gel, possibly due to the low protein concentration.
The prtP protease gene was successfully amplified, producing an amplicon of approximately 5800 bp, providing molecular evidence that L. paracasei IN17 has the potential as a source of cell envelope protease. The predicted three-dimensional structure of the protease showed that the catalytic domain of the extracellular protease from L. paracasei IN17 aligns with the characteristics of serine proteases, including the presence of the catalytic triad Ser-His-Asp. The model displayed the typical fold of serine proteases and contained structural domains such as the pre-pro-domain and a cell wall anchor domain. This prediction provides an initial insight into the possible mechanism of action of the protease and its relevance to the enzymatic activity observed experimentally.
These findings also expand current knowledge by showing that strains from non-dairy sources such as inasua can contain genes similar to those found in dairy-fermented product strains. This suggests that the protease from L. paracasei IN17 has significant biotechnological potential for further development as an industrial enzyme, particularly for applications in food fermentation and protein processing. | |
| dc.description.sponsorship | IPB | |
| dc.language.iso | id | |
| dc.publisher | IPB University | id |
| dc.title | Pemurnian, Karakterisasi, dan Analisis Molekuler Protease Lacticaseibacillus paracasei IN17 Asal Inasua | id |
| dc.title.alternative | Purification, Characterization, and Molecular Analysis of Protease from Lacticaseibacillus paracasei IN17 Isolated from Inasua | |
| dc.type | Tesis | |
| dc.subject.keyword | dialisis | id |
| dc.subject.keyword | prtP | id |
| dc.subject.keyword | SDS-PAGE | id |
| dc.subject.keyword | intraseluler | id |
| dc.subject.keyword | zimogram | id |