Efektivitas Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula (FMA) Asal Rizosfer Tanaman Hias dalam Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan Tanaman Sorgum (Sorghum bicolor)

Abstract

Produktivitas sorgum di Indonesia yang masih rendah mendorong pemanfaatan budidaya berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui sebaran spora FMA pada tanaman hias yang diseleksi, menganalisis pengaruh inokulasi kultur trapping terhadap kepadatan spora dan pengaruh pemberian FMA terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman sorgum. Studi dilakukan Januari-Juni 2025, meliputi identifikasi sebaran spora FMA pada 14 tanaman hias, analisis kultur trapping terhadap kepadatan spora, dan pengaruh aplikasi FMA pada pertumbuhan sorgum. Rancangan Acak Lengkap Faktorial (RALF) digunakan dengan faktor aplikasi mikoriza (tanpa/dengan) dan komposisi media tanam (BIOPOS, sekam, zeolit, dan kombinasinya). Parameter tinggi tanaman dan jumlah daun diamati pada hari ke-30 HST, dianalisis dengan ANOVA dan DMRT (a=5%). Hasil menunjukkan tanaman hias Bugenvil (Bogainvillea sp.) memiliki kepadatan spora FMA tertinggi, dari 14 tanaman hias dominasi genus Glomus (69,23%) dan Acaulospora (30,77%). Kultur trapping pada tanaman hias Kemuning (Murraya paniculata) (l.) (rutaceae) menghasilkan kepadatan spora tertinggi (429 spora/10 g tanah), menjadikannya sumber inokulum potensial. Aplikasi mikoriza dan komposisi media tanam secara signifikan meningkatkan pertumbuhan sorgum. Interaksi mikoriza dengan BIOPOS (A2K1) memberikan pertumbuhan terbaik (tinggi 60,02 cm; 5,50 helai daun), jauh melampaui perlakuan tanpa mikoriza. FMA dari rizosfer tanaman hias berpotensi besar meningkatkan pertumbuhan sorgum, terutama dikombinasikan dengan media tanam yang sesuai seperti BIOPOS, mendukung budidaya sorgum berkelanjutan.

The low productivity of sorghum in Indonesia encourages the use of sustainable cultivation. This study aims to determine the distribution of FMA spores on selected ornamental plants, analyze the effect of culture trapping inoculation on spore density, and the effect of FMA application on sorghum plant growth. The study was conducted from January to June 2025, including the identification of FMA spore distribution on 14 ornamental plants, analysis of trapping culture on spore density, and the effect of FMA application on sorghum growth. A Complete Randomized Factorial Design (CRFD) was used with factors of mycorrhiza application (without/with) and growing medium composition (BIOPOS, rice husk, zeolite, and their combinations). Plant height and number of leaves were observed on day 30 after sowing (DAS), analyzed using ANOVA and DMRT (a=5%). The results showed that ornamental plants of Bougainvillea (Bogainvillea sp.) had the highest FMA spore density, with the 14 ornamental plants dominated by the genera Glomus (69.23%) and Acaulospora (30.77%). Trapping culture on ornamental plants of Kemuning (Murraya paniculata) (L.) (Rutaceae) yielded the highest spore density (429 spores/10 g soil), making it a potential inoculum source. The application of mycorrhizae and growing medium composition significantly enhanced sorghum growth. The interaction between mycorrhiza and BIOPOS (A2K1) yielded the best growth (height 60.02 cm; 5.50 leaves), far exceeding the treatment without mycorrhiza. FMA from the rhizosphere of ornamental plants has great potential to enhance sorghum growth, especially when combined with suitable growing media such as BIOPOS, supporting sustainable sorghum cultivation.