Pengelolaan Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) Tular Kutudaun dengan Nanopartikel Ekstrak Daun Bugenvil

Abstract

Kacang panjang merupakan sayuran penting yang banyak dibudidayakan di Indonesia. Namun, produksinya terkendala oleh infeksi BCMV dan vektornya Aphis craccivora Koch. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji efektivitas nanopartikel ekstrak daun bugenvil (EDB-NP) dalam mengendalikan BCMV yang ditularkan kutu daun pada kacang panjang. Senyawa aktif partikel nano bugenvil disintesis dengan metode nano-enkapsulasi berbasis alginat. Penilaian parameter penyakit, termasuk titer virus dari tanaman yang diuji atau kutudaun serta parameter agronomi diamati. Perlakuan EDB-NP mampu memperpanjang masa inkubasi, tetapi tidak menghambat insidensi penyakit. Keparahan EDB-NP pada perlakuan 100 sampai 300 ppm dan EDB 300 ppm secara signifikan lebih rendah daripada kontrol yang terinfeksi BCMV tanpa perlakuan, EDB 100, dan 200 ppm. Tingkat hambatan relatif perlakuan terhadap keparahan, titer virus pada tanaman yang diberi perlakuan, dan kutudaun masing-masing berkisar antara 3,33% sampai 36,66%, 22,24% sampai 72,43%, dan -5,12% sampai 52,09%. Diantara semua perlakuan, EDB-NP 300 ppm terbukti menjadi perlakuan terbaik dalam menghambat kutudaun menularkan BCMV; aktivitas antifeedant dan antivirus terbaik dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lainnya. Perlakuan EDB dan EDB-NP berpengaruh positif terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman dibandingkan kontrol terinfeksi BCMV yang tidak diberi perlakuan. EDB-NP berpotensi sebagai agen ramah lingkungan dalam mengendalikan virus tanaman dan vektor serangga.

Yard long beans is an essential vegetable widely cultivated in Indonesia. However, its production is constrained by BCMV infection and its vector Aphis craccivora Koch. This study aimed to test the effectiveness of bougainvillea leaf extract nanoparticles (BLE-NP) in controlling the aphid-transmitted BCMV on yard long bean. Active compound of bougainvillea nanoparticle was synthesized by alginate-based nano-encapsulation method. The disease assessments, including virus titre of either tested plants or aphids as well as agronomic parameters were observed. BLE-NP treatments able to prolong the incubation period, but did not inhibit the disease incidence. The severity of BLE-NP at 100 to 300 ppm and BLE 300 ppm treatments were significantly lower than severity of untreated control, BLE 100, and 200 ppm. The relative inhibition of those treatments to severity, virus titre on treated plants and aphids were ranged from 3,33% to 36,66%, 22,24% to 72,43%, and -5,12% to 52,09%, respectively. Among treatments, the BLE-NP 300 ppm proved to be the best treatment in inhibiting aphids from transmitting BCMV; the best antifeedant and antiviral activity compared to other treatments. BLE and BLE-NP treatments affect positively to plant growth than untreated control infected by BCMV. BLE-NP is a potential to be an eco-friendly agent in controlling plant virus (es) and insect vectors.