View Item 
      •   IPB Repository
      • Dissertations and Theses
      • Dissertations
      • DT - Fisheries
      • View Item
      •   IPB Repository
      • Dissertations and Theses
      • Dissertations
      • DT - Fisheries
      • View Item
      JavaScript is disabled for your browser. Some features of this site may not work without it.

      Bioakumulasi Mikroplastik dan Dampaknya pada Sumberdaya Ikan di Teluk Banten

      Thumbnail
      View/Open
      Cover (1.493Mb)
      Fulltext (6.358Mb)
      Date
      2025
      Author
      Noor, Sri Yuningsih
      Riani, Etty
      Hariyadi, Sigid
      Butet, Nurlisa Alias
      Cordova, Muhammad Reza
      Metadata
      Show full item record
      Abstract
      Mikroplastik merupakan partikel padat sintesis atau matriks polimer yang berasal dari sumber primer ataupun sekunder. Keberadaan mikroplastik di alam ditemukan dengan kisaran ukuran =5 mm dan memiliki bentuk tidak tertentu. Fragmen, fiber, film, pellet ialah aneka bentuk mikroplastik yang berhasil ditemukan. Ukuran mikroplastik yang kecil dan ringan memudahkan mikroplastik tersebar dari daratan hingga perairan. Penumpukan secara terus menerus oleh mikroplastik di alam akan memberikan dampak buruk terhadap lingkungan secara luas. Lingkungan perairan diduga menjadi lokasi penemuan mikroplastik yang disebabkan oleh degradasi plastik akibat aktivitas antropogenik. Pertumbuhan populasi dan aktivitas manusia berpotensi menyebabkan penyebaran polusi, terutama mikroplastik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi dan mengkuantifikasi mikroplastik yang ada di air, sedimen dan sumberdaya ikan tertangkap di Teluk Banten, menganalisis korelasi jumlah mikroplastik yang berhasil teridentifikasi di air, sedimen dan sumberdaya ikan di Teluk Banten dan menganalisis bioakumulasi mikroplastik dan dampaknya terhadap organ saluran pencernaan dan insang dari sumberdaya ikan secara histologi. Metode yang digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi mikroplastik yang terdapat di air, sedimen dan sumberdaya ikan tertangkap (organ saluran pencernaan dan insang) adalah melalui pengamatan secara visual dengan menggunakan mikroskop dan FTIR untuk mengetahui jenis polimer mikroplastik. Pengamatan visual mikroplastik berfokus pada bentuk, ukuran dan warna mikroplastik. Pemantauan kualitas air pada penelitian ini juga dilakukan untuk mengetahui kondisi pencemaran perairan terhadap ekosistem dan sumberdaya ikan yang tertangkap. Hubungan kelimpahan mikroplastik dengan parameter fisika kimia kualitas air di perairan Teluk Banten diamati berdasarkan Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Kemudian, hubungan korelasi dilakukan dengan mengumpulkan data kelimpahan mikroplastik pada air, sedimen, organ saluran pencernaan dan organ insang sumberdaya ikan tertangkap. Data yang terkumpul dilakukan pengujian berdasarkan analisis statistik menggunakan perangkat lunak PAST4.11. Selanjutnya, untuk mengetahui dampak paparan mikroplastik pada sumberdaya ikan tertangkap dari alam dan sumberdaya ikan hasil perlakuan mikroplastik maka dilakukan pengujian histologi pada saluran pencernaan dan insang ikan. Hasil histologi dianalisis secara deskriptif dari pengamatan mikroskop. Hasil penelitian mikroplastik pada air, sedimen, dan sumberdaya ikan tertangkap di Perairan Teluk Banten ini telah berhasil menemukan indikasi mikroplastik pada ekosistem perairan. Jumlah berkisar antara 49 hingga 115 mikroplastik teridentifikasi pada permukaan perairan, 36 hingga 69 mikroplastik ditemukan pada sedimen, 110 mikroplastik pada saluran pencernaan dan 176 mikroplastik pada insang ikan yang tertangkap di Teluk Banten. Kelimpahan mikroplastik di perairan Teluk Banten Berkisar 0,57 partikel/L hingga 1,82 partikel/, sedimen berkisar antara 20 sampai 660 partikel/kg berat dan kelimpahan total pada insang serta saluran pencernaan masing-masing 8,38±2,92 items/ind dan 5,24±1,74 items/ind. Secara keseluruhan, fragmen dan fiber merupakan bentuk mikroplastik yang dominan ditemukan pada penelitian ini. Adanya pengaruh suhu terhadap total kelimpahan mikroplastik menjadi faktor penumpukan mikroplastik di perairan. Variasi ukuran dari <300 µm hingga >1000 µm teridentifikasi pada sampel air, sedimen dan organ sumberdaya ikan tertangkap yang di amati di Teluk Banten. Mikroplastik yang berhasil ditemukan di lokasi pengamatan memiliki warna dominan, yakni hitam, biru dan merah. Namun, beberapa warna lain berhasil teridentifikasi. Beberapa jenis polimer seperti polypropylene, polyurethene, dan polyethylene merupakan polimer yang mendominasi pada penelitian ini. Mikroplastik dalam air merupakan faktor utama yang berkontribusi terhadap kontaminasi mikroplastik pada ikan, sementara sedimen cenderung memiliki hubungan negatif terhadap kandungan mikroplastik pada ikan. Ini menunjukkan bahwa bioakumulasi mikroplastik dalam ikan lebih dipengaruhi oleh paparan di kolom air dibandingkan dari dasar perairan. Pengamatan lebih lanjut dilakukan terhadap sumberdaya ikan tertangkap akibat bioakumulasi mikroplastik pada saluran pencernaan dan insang ikan. Pengamatan histologi sumberdaya ikan memperlihatkan adanya perubahan jaringan yang disebabkan mikroplastik terhadap saluran pencernaan meliputi, perubahan dan penebalan tunika muskularis dan tunika mukosae (edema), hilangnya epitel silindris, fibrosis pada vili usus, degenarisasi vili usus, terjadi proses de-epitelisasi pada permukaan vili, nekrosis. Sedangkan, perubahan jaringan insang ikan meliputi, nekrosis, hiperplasia, fusi, deattach, infiltrasi sel radang, ketersediaan mukus antar lamela.
       
      Microplastics are synthetic solid particles or polymer matrices from primary or secondary sources. The presence of microplastics in nature is found with a size range of = 5 mm and has an indeterminate shape. Fragments, fibers, films, and pellets are various forms of microplastics that have been found. The small size and light weight of microplastics make it easy for microplastics to spread from land to water. The continuous accumulation of microplastics in nature will have a negative impact on the environment at large. The aquatic environment is suspected to be the location of the discovery of microplastics caused by plastic degradation due to anthropogenic activities. Population growth and human activities have the potential to cause the spread of pollution, especially microplastics. The objectives of this study were to identify and quantify microplastics present in water, sediment and fish resources caught in Banten Bay, to analyze the correlation of the number of microplastics identified in water, sediment and fish resources in Banten Bay and to analyze the bioaccumulation of microplastics and their impact on the digestive tract organs and gills of fish resources histopathologically. The method used to identify microplastics found in water, sediments and captured fish resources (digestive tract organs and gills) is through visual observation using a microscope and FTIR to determine the type of microplastic polymer. Visual observation of microplastics focuses on the shape, size and color of microplastics. Water quality monitoring in this study was also carried out to determine the condition of water pollution to the ecosystem and fish resources caught. The relationship between microplastic abundance and physico-chemical water quality parameters in Banten Bay waters was observed based on principal component analysis (PCA). The correlation relationship was carried out by collecting data on the abundance of microplastics in water, sediment, digestive tract organs and gill organs of captured fish resources. The collected data were tested based on statistical analysis using PAST 4.11 software. Furthermore, to determine the impact of microplastic exposure on fish resources caught from nature and fish resources resulting from microplastic perlakuan, histology testing was carried out on the digestive tract and gills of fish. The histology results were analyzed descriptively from microscope observations. The results of microplastic research in water, sediment, and fish resources caught in Banten Bay Waters have succeeded in finding indications of microplastics in aquatic ecosystems. Amounts ranging from 49 to 115 microplastics were identified in surface waters, 36 to 69 microplastics were found in sediments, 110 microplastics in the digestive tract and 176 microplastics in the gills of fish caught in Banten Bay. Microplastic abundance in Banten Bay waters ranges from 0.57 particles/L to 1.82 particles/L, sediments range from 20 to 660 particles/kg of total weight and total abundance in the gills and digestive tract each 8.38 ± 2.92 items/ind and 5.24 ± 1.74 items/ind. Fragments and fibers are the dominant forms of microplastics found in this study. The influence of temperature on the total abundance of microplastics is a factor in the accumulation of microplastics in the waters. Size variations from <300 µm to >1000 µm were identified in water, sediment and organ samples of captured fish resources observed in Banten Bay. Microplastics found at the observation site have dominant colors, namely black, blue and red. However, several other colors were identified. Several types of polymers, such as polypropylene, polyurethane, and polyethylene, dominate this study. Microplastics in water are the main factor contributing to microplastic contamination in fish, while sediment tends to have a negative relationship to microplastic content in fish. This suggests that microplastic bioaccumulation in fish is more influenced by exposure in the water column than from the bottom of the water. Further observations were made on fish resources caught due to the bioaccumulation of microplastics in the digestive tract and gills of fish. Histological observations of fish resources showed changes in pathology caused by microplastics to the digestive tract, including changes and thickening of the tunica muscularis and tunica mucosae (edema), loss of cylindrical epithelium, fibrosis of intestinal villi, degeneration of intestinal villi, de-epithelialization process on the surface of the villi, necrosis. Meanwhile, changes in fish gill pathology include necrosis, hyperplasia, fusion, reattach, inflammatory cell infiltration, and availability of mucus between lamellae.
       
      URI
      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/165217
      Collections
      • DT - Fisheries [766]

      Copyright © 2020 Library of IPB University
      All rights reserved
      Contact Us | Send Feedback
      Indonesia DSpace Group 
      IPB University Scientific Repository
      UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Institutional Repository
      Universitas Jember Digital Repository
        

       

      Browse

      All of IPB RepositoryCollectionsBy Issue DateAuthorsTitlesSubjectsThis CollectionBy Issue DateAuthorsTitlesSubjects

      My Account

      Login

      Application

      google store

      Copyright © 2020 Library of IPB University
      All rights reserved
      Contact Us | Send Feedback
      Indonesia DSpace Group 
      IPB University Scientific Repository
      UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Institutional Repository
      Universitas Jember Digital Repository