Pengaruh Kombinasi PGPR dan Cendawan Endofit terhadap Hama dan Penyakit Padi Ketan cv. Grendel di Lapangan

Abstract

Padi ketan (Oryza sativa L. var. glutinosa) memiliki nilai jual yang tinggi, tetapi produksi padi di Indonesia mengalami penurunan signifikan akibat serangan hama dan penyakit. Pengendalian menggunakan pestisida sintetis secara berlebihan menimbulkan dampak negatif pada lingkungan, sehingga diperlukan metode pengendalian yang lebih ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh kombinasi plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) dan cendawan endofit terhadap hama dan penyakit pada tanaman padi ketan cv. grendel di Kecamatan Compreng, Subang. Penelitian dilakukan dengan empat perlakuan, yaitu; PGPR (P1), PGPR dan cendawan endofit (P2), kontrol (P3), dan konvensional (P4) dengan empat ulangan. Variabel yang diamati yaitu pertumbuhan bibit tanaman, tinggi tanaman, jumlah anakan, serangan penggerek batang padi, populasi wereng batang cokelat, serta perkembangan penyakit blas dan hawar daun bakteri. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi PGPR dan cendawan endofit mampu meningkatkan pertumbuhan bibit tanaman padi ketan dengan bobot total bibit 0,158 g serta tinggi tanaman padi ketan hingga 32,00 cm. Kombinasi PGPR dan cendawan endofit juga mampu menekan serangan hama penggerek batang padi kuning hingga 34,60%, menurunkan populasi wereng batang cokelat hingga 0,25 ekor per rumpun padi, menekan keparahan penyakit blas sebesar 6,00% dan hawar daun bakteri sebesar 23,50% selama tujuh minggu setelah tanam. Kombinasi PGPR dan cendawan endofit berpengaruh nyata terhadap hama penggerek batang padi kuning, hama wereng batang cokelat, penyakit blas, penyakit hawar daun bakteri, pertumbuhan bibit tanaman, dan tinggi tanaman padi, tetapi tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap jumlah anakan tanaman padi.

Glutinous rice (Oryza sativa L. var. glutinosa) had a high market value, however, rice production in Indonesia significantly declined due to pest and disease attacks. The excessive use of synthetic pesticides for pest control had led to negative environment impacts, it required more eco-friendly control methods. The study aimed to analyze the effects of combining of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and endophytic fungi on pests and diseases in glutinous rice cv. grendel in Compreng subdistrict, Subang. The study was conducted with four treatments; PGPR (P1), PGPR and endophytic fungi (P2), control (P3), and conventional (P4) each with four replications. The observed variables were seedling growth, plant growth, stem borer infestation, brown planthopper population, and the intensity of blast and bacterial leaf blight diseases in glutinous rice. The results showed that the combination of PGPR and endophytic fungi effectively enhanced seedling growth with a total seedling weight 0,158 g and the plant height up to 32,00 cm. The combination was able to suppress yellow stem borer infestations up to 34,60%, reduce brown planthopper populations to 0,25 individuals per rice clump, decrease blast incidence by 6,00%, and reduce bacterial leaf blight disease by 23,50% during seven weeks after planting. The combination of PGPR and endophytic fungi had a significant effect on seedling growth, rice plant height, yellow stem borer infestations, brown planthopper populations, blast disease and bacterial leaf blight intensity, but it did not significantly affect the number of rice tillers.