Keanekaragaman Artropoda pada Pertanaman Wortel di Desa Cibeureum, Kecamatan Cisarua, Kabupaten Bogor, Jawa Barat

Abstract

Wortel (Daucus carota Linn.) adalah komoditas sayuran yang cukup penting di Indonesia. Rata-rata konsumsi wortel Indonesia meningkat bersamaan dengan meningkatnya kesadaran masyarakat akan kesehatan. Kecamatan Cisarua merupakan wilayah produksi sayuran di Kabupaten Bogor dan tanaman wortel banyak ditanam di Desa Cibeureum. Serangga hama berpotensi menjadi kendala dalam budi daya tanaman wortel. Namun, informasi mengenai artropoda yang berasosiasi dengan tanaman wortel masih belum banyak diketahui. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan artropoda serta peranannya pada ekosistem pertanaman wortel di Desa Cibeureum, Kecamatan Cisarua, Kabupaten Bogor. Data diperoleh dari pengamatan langsung tanaman wortel dan pemasangan pitfall trap pada lima plot sampel yang membentuk diagonal. Artropoda yang ditemukan diidentifikasi dan dihitung kelimpahannya. Keanekaragaman artropoda dianalisis dengan menghitung indeks Shannon-Wiener (H’), Simpson (D), dan Evenness (E). Keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan artropoda yang ditemukan pada tanaman wortel sebanyak 176 individu dan 23 morfospesies sedangkan artropoda yang ditemukan di permukaan tanah sebanyak 1644 individu dan 72 morfospesies. Ordo yang ditemukan terdiri dari Coleoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, Orthoptera, Psocoptera, Thysanoptera, Acari, Araneida, dan Collembola. Artropoda yang berpotensi menjadi hama tanaman wortel meliputi Thysanoplusia orichalcea F., Plusia signata, Spodoptera litura, dan kutudaun. Kelompok predator yang ditemukan meliputi Formicidae, Coccinellidae, Diapriidae, Aphelinidae, Araneida, dan Acari sedangkan yang tergolong detrivor meliputi Collembola dan genus Onthophagus. Keanekaragaman spesies artropoda pertanaman wortel dikategorikan sedang.

Carrots (Daucus carota Linn.) is an important vegetable commodity in Indonesia. Indonesian average carrot consumption has increased along with increasing people's health awareness. Cisarua District is a vegetable production area in Bogor Regency and carrot is widely grown in Cibeureum Village. Insect pests are a potential constraint in the cultivation of carrot crops. However, information on arthropods associated with carrot plants remains widely unknown. The study aimed to determine the diversity and abundance of arthropods and their role in carrot agroecosystem in Cibeureum Village, Cisarua Sub-District, Bogor. Data were collected from direct observations on carrot plants and pitfall traps set up in five diagonal sample plots. The arthropods found were identified and their abundance was quantified. The diversity of arthropod was analyzed by calculating the Shannon-Wiener index (H'), Simpson (D), and Evenness (E). The diversity and abundance of arthropods found on carrot plant were 176 individuals and 23 morphospecies, while the arthropods found on the ground surface were 1644 individuals and 72 morphospecies. The orders of arthropod found on the carrot plant and on the ground surface were Coleoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, Orthoptera, Psocoptera, Thysanoptera, Acari, Araneida, and Collembola. Arthropods that are potential pests of carrot plants were Thysanoplusia orichalcea F., Plusia signata, Spodoptera litura, and aphids. The predators found in carrot field were Formicidae, Coccinellidae, Diapriidae, Aphelinidae, Araneida, and Acari. The detrivors found were Collembola and Onthophagus genus. The species diversity of arthropods in carrot crops can be considered as medium.