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      Optimasi Limbah Padat Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit menjadi Bioetanol dengan Perbedaan Konsentrasi Reagen

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      Date
      2024
      Author
      Luthfi, Muhammad Shani
      Ratnawati, Beata
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      Abstract
      Limbah yang berasal dari industri kelapa sawit salah satunya yaitu Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS). Pengolahan satu ton kelapa sawit akan dapat menciptakan limbah dengan bentuk tandan kosong kelapa sawit sebanyak 23%. Limbah yang tidak dikelola atau dimanfaatkan dengan baik dapat menimbulkan permasalahan lingkungan dan keresahan masyarakat. Penelitian yang dilakukan bertujuan untuk memanfaatkan limbah TKKS menjadi bioetanol. Prosedur penelitian diawali dengan persiapan alat dan bahan, proses eksperimen yang terdiri dari tiga perlakuan yaitu P1, P2 dan P3. Proses pretreatment menggunakan NaOH 2%, 10%, dan 15% dengan kadar selulosa awal 45,11% meningkat menjadi 71,16 % pada P3, sedangkan hidrolisis menggunakan konsentrasi H2SO4 2%, 3%, dan 5% dengan hasil penurunan tertinggi kadar selulosa sebesar 23,39% pada P3. Proses fermentasi dilakukan selama lima hari menggunakan bakteri Saccharomyces cerevisiae, kemudian destilasi bertujuan untuk memisahkan air dengan etanol. Hasil data yang diperoleh dilakukan pengujian efektivitas dan analisis data untuk mengetahui konsentrasi NaOH dan H2SO4 yang menghasilkan kadar etanol paling tinggi. Perlakuan yang menghasilkan kadar etanol paling tinggi yaitu P3 sebesar 55%. One of the palm oil industry wastes is empty palm bunches (TKKS). Processing one ton of oil palm will be able to create waste in the form of empty palm bunches, as much as 23%. Waste must be managed or utilized correctly, as it can cause environmental problems and community unrest. The research aims to use the waste of TKKS in bioethanol. The research begins with preparing tools and materials; the experimental process consists of three treatments, namely P1, P2, and P3. The pretreatment process uses 2%, 10%, and 15% NaOH with an initial cellulose content of 45.11%, increasing to 71.16% in P3, while hydrolysis uses 2%, 3%, and 5% H2SO4 concentrations with the highest decrease in cellulose content of 23.39% in P3. The fermentation process was carried out for five days using Saccharomyces cerevisiae bacteria, and distillation aimed to separate water from ethanol. The results of the data obtained were tested for effectiveness, and data analysis was performed to determine the concentration of NaOH and H2SO4, which produced the highest ethanol content. The treatment that produces the highest ethanol content is P3 at 55%.
      URI
      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/157667
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      • UT - Environmental Engineering and Management [217]

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