Pengaruh Model Grafting terhadap Pertumbuhan Tanaman Durian (Durio zibethinus Murr.)

Abstract

Durian (Durio zibethinus Murr.) merupakan salah satu tanaman hutan yang memiliki permintaan pasar cukup tinggi, akan tetapi ketersediaan bibit berkualitas masih rendah sehingga pengembangan bibit durian perlu ditingkatkan dengan melakukan perbanyakan secara vegetatif, salah satunya dengan metode sambungan (grafting). Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh model grafting terhadap keberhasilan dan pertumbuhan grafting durian di Rumah Kaca Rumpin Seed Source Nursery Center (RSSNC). Penelitian menggunakan metode Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 3 ulangan yang terdiri atas 1 faktor yaitu model grafting dengan perlakuan berupa model baji di atas (G1), model sisip di atas (G2), model baji di bawah (G3), dan model sisip di bawah (G4). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian perlakuan model grafting memberikan pengaruh yang berbeda nyata terhadap persentase keberhasilan grafting, jumlah tunas, dan panjang tunas. Persentase keberhasilan tertinggi hingga terendah berturut-turut yaitu dihasilkan oleh perlakuan G4 sebesar 73% dengan rincian 63% grafting bertunas dan 17% grafting hidup, perlakuan G3 sebesar 53% dengan rincian 33% grafting bertunas dan 20% grafting hidup, serta perlakuan G2 sebesar 20% grafting bertunas dan G1 sebesar 7% grafting bertunas.

Durian (Durio zibethinus Murr.) is one of the forest plants that have high market demand, but the availability of quality seedlings is still low. Hence, the development of durian seedlings needs to be improved by vegetative propagation, one of which is the grafting method. The study aims to determine the effect of grafting models on the success and growth of durian grafting in the Rumpin Seed Source Nursery Center (RSSNC) Greenhouse. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) method with 3 replications consisting of 1 factor, namely the grafting model with treatments in the form of the top cleft model above (G1), the side model above (G2), the top cleft model below (G3), and the side model below (G4). Based on the research results, the grafting model treatment had a significantly different effect on the percentage of grafting success, number of shoots, and shoot length. The highest to lowest percentage of success in a row is produced by the G4 treatment of 73% with details of 63% sprout grafting and 17% live grafting, G3 treatment of 53% with details of 33% sprout grafting and 20% live grafting, and G2 treatment of 20% sprout grafting and G1 of 7% sprout grafting.