Efektivitas Penyimpanan Seedcake dan Pencegahan Penyakit Damping off pada Semai Kayu Putih (Melaleuca cajuputi Powell).
Abstract
Keberhasilan reklamasi lahan pascatambang berbasis penyemaian langsung
sulit dicapai. Berbagai tantangan termasuk benih yang terbawa oleh limpasan air,
terutama benih yang halus (seperti benih kayu putih) dan kondisi tanah yang buruk
membatasi perkecambahan benih yang efektif dan pembentukan tanaman yang
diinginkan. Semai kayu putih rentan terhadap penyakit damping off. Seedcake yang
mengandung pestisida organik diadakan sebagai metode untuk meningkatkan
keberhasilan reklamasi. Tempat pembuatan seedcake bisa saja jauh dari area
penanaman. Oleh karena itu, perlu diketahui masa seedcake tersebut dapat disimpan
sebagai asumsi waktu yang diperlukan untuk pendistribusiannya dari tempat
produksi ke tempat penanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis
pengaruh penyimpanan seedcake terhadap viabilitas benih, menganalisis pengaruh
konsentrasi pestisida organik terhadap pencegahan damping off serta aplikasi
pestisida organik terhadap viabilitas benih kayu putih pada seedcake dan serangan
penyakit damping off pada semai kayu putih.
Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan menguji daya kecambah benih kayu putih
yang digunakan dengan metode UDK (uji di atas kertas), kemudian penanaman
seedcake di rumah kaca dengan berbagai perlakuan. Perlakuan yang diaplikasikan
pada seedcake di rumah kaca meliputi lama penyimpanan seedcake, konsentrasi
pestisida organik, dan aplikasi pestisida organik. Selanjutnya, seedcake yang
ditanam di rumah kaca pada lahan terbuka. Perlakuan yang diterapkan pada
seedcake di lahan terbuka yaitu, penggunaan kompos dan konsentrasi pestisida
organik.
Kayu putih yang ditanam dengan metode seedcake di rumah kaca
menunjukkan persentase hidup sebesar 97,22%. Hasil anaslisis sidik ragam
menunjukkan lama penyimpanan seedcake memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan
pada tingkat kepercayaan 95% terhadap viabilitas benih kayu putih pada seedcake.
Penyimpanan benih dapat menurunkan viabilitas benih. Seedcake dapat disimpan
hingga 30 hari dengan perkecambahan terbaik pada kontrol atau tanpa
penyimpanan. Konsentrasi pestisida organik tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap
perkecambahan benih, tetapi perlakuan terbaik adalah pada konsentrasi 10 mL/L.
Pestisida organik dengan konsentrasi tersebut dapat menekan penyakit damping off
paling efektif dibandingkan konsentrasi 0 dan 5 mL/L. Selain itu, pestisida organik
paling efektif diaplikasikan pada seedcake dengan cara merendam benih dalam
larutan pestisida organik selama 20 menit. Hal ini dikarenakan pestisida organik
yang digunakan mengandung PGPR (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteri) yang
dapat berperan sebagai antifungi dan menunjang pertumbuhan kayu putih.
Penanaman seedcake di lahan terbuka menunjukkan persentase hidup sebesar
93,33%. Interaksi perlakuan kompos dan konsentrasi pestisida organik berpengaruh
signifikan terhadap jumlah daun dengan interaksi terbaik perlakuan tanpa kompos
dan konsentrasi pestisida organik 4 mL/L Successful direct seeding-based post-mining land reclamation is difficult to
achieve. Various challenges, including seeds being accidentally carried away by
water runoff, especially fine seeds (such as cajuput seeds) and poor soil conditions,
limit effective seed germination and establishment of desired plants. Cajuput
seedlings are susceptible to damping off disease. Seedcake containing organic
pesticides is held as a method to improve reclamation success. However, the
seedcake manufacturing site could be far from the planting area. Therefore, it is
necessary to know how long the seedcake can be stored as an assumption of the
time required for distribution. This study aims to analyze the effect of seedcake
storage on seed viability, the effect of organic pesticide concentration on the
prevention of damping off and the application of organic pesticides on cajuput seed
viability in seedcake and damping off disease attack in cajuput seedlings.
This research was carried out by testing the germination of cajuput seeds used
by the UDK method (test on paper) and then planting seedcakes in the greenhouse
with various treatments. The treatments applied to the seedcake in the greenhouse
included the length of seedcake storage, organic pesticide concentration, and
organik pesticide application. Furthermore, the seedcake was planted in the
greenhouse on open field. The treatments applied to the seedcake in the open field
were the use of compost and the concentration of organic pesticides.
The results showed that seedcake storage significantly affected seed viability
in seedcake. Cajuput planted with the seedcake method in the greenhouse showed
a live percentage of 97.22%. The results of the variance analysis showed that the
length of seedcake storage had a significant effect at the 95% confidence level on
the viability of cajuput seeds in seedcake. Seed viability decreases when storage is
carried out. Seedcakes can be stored for up to 30 days with the best germination in
the control or without storage. The concentration of organic pesticides did not
significantly affect seed germination, but the best treatment was at 10 mL/L.
Organic pesticides with this concentration can suppress damping off disease most
effectively compared to 0 and 5 mL/L concentrations. In addition, organic
pesticides are most effectively applied to seedcakes by soaking the seeds in an
organic pesticide solution for 20 minutes. The organic pesticide contains PGPR
(Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteri), which can act as an antifungal and support
cajuput growth. Seedcake planting in open fields showed a live percentage of
93,33%. The interaction of compost treatment and organic pesticide concentration
significantly affected the number of leaves, with the best interaction of treatment
without compost and organic pesticide concentration of 4 mL/L.
Collections
- MT - Forestry [1412]