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      Keanekaragaman Udang Air Tawar di Kalimantan Timur

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      Date
      2024-07
      Author
      Annisa, Maulida Nur
      Farajallah, Achmad
      Widayati, Kanthi Arum
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      Abstract
      Udang air tawar tersebar luas di Indonesia, termasuk dalam anggota dari subfilum Crustacea dan ordo Decapoda. Udang air tawar yang banyak ditemukan di Indonesia adalah famili Atyidae dan Palaemonidae. Anggota famili Atyidae yang umumnya ditemukan dari genus Caridina, sedangkan anggota famili Palaemonidae yang umumnya ditemukan dari genus Macrobrachium. Informasi mengenai keanekaragaman udang air tawar di Kalimantan Timur belum dilaporkan sedangkan, kualitas perairan di Kalimantan Timur semakin menurun seiring dengan meningkatnya kegiatan ekploitasi sumber daya alam. Penelitian ini akan dimanfaatkan sebagai informasi dasar keanekaragaman jenis udang air tawar untuk masa depan sebelum terjadi perubahan lebih lanjut di wilayah Kalimantan Timur. Metode yang digunakan untuk identifikasi spesies dilakukan dengan mengunakan karakter morfologi dan diverifikasi menggunakan DNA barcoding. Pengamatan karakter morfologi dilakukan dengan kamera dan juga mikroskop stereo. Hasil pengamatan karakter morfologi yang ditemukan kemudian dibandingkan dengan kunci identifikasi dan deskripsi spesies udang air tawar. Analisis DNA barcoding dilakukan dengan tahapan ekstraksi, amplifikasi gen COI, elektroforesis, sekuensing DNA, dan pengolahan data menggunakan MEGA 11 dan mrBayes. Proses analisis data keragaman genetik gen COI antar populasi udang air tawar dilakukan dengan menggunakan DNAsp Penelitian ini melaporkan catatan Keanekaragaman Udang Air Tawar di Kalimantan Timur yaitu terdapat 11 spesies udang air tawar telah terkonfirmasi, famili Palaemonidae berjumlah tujuh spesies yaitu Marobrachium rosenbergii, M. lanchesteri, M. Scabriculum, M. mammillodactylus, M. sintangense, M. equidens dan M. villosimanus, sedangkan famili Atyidae berjumlah 4 spesies yaitu Caridina typus, C. peninsularis, C. gracilipes dan C. propinqua dari famili Palaemonidae. Serta ditemukan distribusi pada spesies M. sintangense di Kalimantan Timur dengan wilayah lain yaitu Jawa merupakan populasi yang berbeda. Populasi M. sintangense di Kalimantan Timur dan Thailand diketahui memiliki keterhubungan genetik, sementara berbeda secara genetik dari populasi di Jawa.
       
      Freshwater shrimps are widely distributed in Indonesia, belonging to the subphylum Crustacea and the order Decapoda. The most commonly found freshwater shrimps in Indonesia are from the families Atyidae and Palaemonidae. Members of the family Atyidae are generally found in the genus Caridina, while members of the family Palaemonidae are commonly found in the genus Macrobrachium. Information on the diversity of freshwater shrimps in East Kalimantan has not yet been reported, while the water quality in East Kalimantan continues to deteriorate due to increasing natural resource exploitation activities. This research will serve as baseline information on the diversity of freshwater shrimp species for the future before further changes occur in the East Kalimantan region. The method used for species identification involves morphological character analysis and verification using DNA barcoding. Morphological character observations were conducted with the help of cameras and stereo microscopes. The observed morphological characters were then compared with identification keys and descriptions of freshwater shrimp species. DNA barcoding analysis was carried out through the steps of extraction, COI gene amplification, electrophoresis, DNA sequencing, and data processing using MEGA 11 and MrBayes. Genetic diversity analysis of the COI gene among freshwater shrimp populations was performed using DNAsp. This study reports on the diversity of freshwater shrimp in East Kalimantan, confirming the presence of 11 species. The family Palaemonidae is represented by seven species: Marobrachium rosenbergii, M. lanchesteri, M. scabriculum, M. mammillodactylus, M. sintangense, M. equidens, and M. villosimanus. The family Atyidae includes four species: Caridina typus, C. peninsularis, C. gracilipes, and C. propinqua. Additionally, the study identifies a distribution of M. sintangense in East Kalimantan, indicating a distinct population from that in Java. The M. sintangense populations in East Kalimantan and Thailand show genetic connectivity, while they are genetically distinct from the population in Java.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/153061
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      • MT - Mathematics and Natural Science [4138]

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      Copyright © 2020 Library of IPB University
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      Indonesia DSpace Group 
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