Perbandingan Metode Willingness To Pay, Harga Pasar, dan Biaya Pemeliharaan Dalam Valuasi Ekonomi Banteng Jawa (Bos javanicus d'Alton 1823)
Abstract
Banteng jawa (Bos javanicus d’Alton 1823) adalah satwaliar yang terancam
punah (endangered). Memburu dan memperdagangkan banteng jawa yang dilindungi
merupakan tindakan pidana. Dalam proses pengadilan, aparat penegak hukum sering
kesulitan menetapkan nilai gugatan dalam kasus perburuan dan perdagangan ilegal
satwaliar. Penelitian ini bertujuan menduga nilai ekonomi banteng jawa menggunakan
pendekatan willingness to pay, harga pasar, dan biaya pemeliharaan serta
membandingkan ketiga metode tersebut. Pendekatan willingness to pay dilakukan
melalui wawancara dengan 100 responden, pendekatan harga pasar melalui studi
literatur dan online/browsing, sedangkan pendekatan biaya pemeliharaan dilakukan
wawancara dengan pengelola lembaga konservasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan
bahwa nilai ekonomi banteng jawa dengan pendekatan willingness to pay adalah
Rp92.390.000/ekor, dengan pendekatan harga pasar Rp74.143.726/ekor, dan dengan
pendekatan biaya pemeliharaan Rp55.092.000/ekor. Berdasarkan nilai ekonomi yang
diperoleh, kemudahan dan efektivitas dalam pengambilan dan analisis data, metode
yang paling baik adalah metode harga pasar, disusul oleh metode biaya pemeliharaan,
dan terakhir metode willingness to pay. The Javan bulls (Bos javanicus d’Alton 1823) is an endangered wildlife species.
Hunting and trading protected javan bull is a criminal act. In legal proceedings, law
enforcement officials often struggle to determine the value of claims in cases of illegal
wildlife hunting and trading. This study aims to estimate the economic value of the
javan bull using the willingness to pay approach, market price approach, and
maintenance cost approach, as well as to compare these three methods. The willingness
to pay approach was conducted through interviews with 100 respondents, the market
price approach through literature studies and online browsing, while the maintenance
cost approach was conducted through interviews with conservation institution
managers. The results showed that the economic value of the javan bull using the
willingness to pay approach was Rp92,390,000, the market price approach was
Rp74,143,726, and the maintenance cost approach was Rp55,092,000. Based on the
economic values obtained, ease and effectiveness in data collection and analysis, the
best method is the market price method, followed by the maintenance cost method,
and lastly the willingness to pay method.