Evaluasi Status Kesuburan Tanah Sepanjang Transek Hidrosekuen di Kabupaten Musi Rawas Utara, Sumatra Selatan menggunakan Tiga Metode Berbeda

Abstract

Kegiatan evaluasi status kesuburan tanah di Indonesia banyak difokuskan pada metode Five Major Soil Chemical Properties (FMSCP). Pendekatan lain seperti Basic Cation Saturation Ratio (BCSR) dan Sufficiency Level of Available Nutrients (SLAN) masih jarang dilakukan pada tanah-tanah tropika. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menilai status kesuburan tanah sepanjang transek hidrosekuen yang melewati tiga kecamatan (Karang Dapo, Rawas Ilir dan Nibung), Kabupaten Musi Rawas Utara, Sumatra Selatan berdasarkan metode FMSCP, BCSR dan SLAN serta menentukan metode standar dalam penilaian status kesuburan tanah pada tujuh titik pengamatan dari dua kedalaman (0-30 dan 30-60 cm) yang mewakili lokasi penelitian dan tanah-tanah tropika pada umumnya. Sifat kimia yang dianalisis diantaranya adalah Kapasitas Tukar Kation (KTK), Kejenuhan Basa (KB), P2O5 ekstrak HCl 25%, K2O ekstrak HCl 25%, C-organik dan basa-basa dapat ditukar (Ca, Mg dan K). Secara umum, hasil penilaian dari ketiga metode di atas mengindikasikan tanah di lokasi penelitian memiliki tingkat kesuburan yang rendah terutama pada kedalaman 0-30 cm. Analisis menggunakan metode BCSR dan SLAN secara berturut-turut menunjukkan kondisi dominan basa-basa dalam tanah di lokasi penelitian berada di bawah rasio ideal dan berada di bawah ambang batas ideal. Penelitian ini menyarankan penggunaan metode FMSCP sebagai metode standar dalam penilaian status kesuburan tanah.

Soil fertility status evaluation activities in Indonesia are largely focused on the Five Major Soil Chemical Properties (FMSCP) method. Other approaches such as Basic Cation Saturation Ratio (BCSR) and Sufficiency Level of Available Nutrients (SLAN) are still rarely conducted on tropical soils. This research was conducted to assess the soil fertility status along a hydrosequence transect passing through three districts (Karang Dapo, Rawas Ilir, and Nibung), North Musi Rawas Regency, South Sumatra, based on the FMSCP, BCSR, and SLAN methods, and to determine the standard method in assessing soil fertility status at seven observation points from two depths (0-30 and 30-60 cm) representing the research location and tropical soils in general. The chemical properties analyzed include (Cation Exchange Capacity) CEC, (Base Saturations) BS, P2O5 extract HCl 25%, K2O extract HCl 25%, organic-C and exchangeable bases (Ca, Mg, and K). In general, the assessment results from the three methods above indicate that the soil at the research location has low fertility levels, especially at a depth of 0-30 cm. Analysis using BCSR and SLAN methods success indicates that the dominant base conditions in the soil at the research location are below the ideal ratio and below the ideal threshold. This study suggests the use of the FMSCP method as the standard method in assessing soil fertility status