Determinasi emisi formaldehida papan komposit dari limbah kayu dan anyaman bambu betung [Dendrocalamus asper (Schult.f.) Backer ex Heyne]

Abstract

INTRODUCTION. There are many research have been done on composite board and it's characteristic. Composite board was a promising forest product that can substitute products which needs a lot of wood materials. Formaldehyde resin which used in composite board caused formaldehyde emission problem to the environment. The focus of this research is to determine formaldehyde emission from composite board which was made of wood industrial waste and betung bamboo plaited mats. Some of importing countries have made regulation about formaldehyde emission level for forest product, so that for Indonesia as an exporter forest product should fulfill this requirement. Therefore, in this research isocyanate was used to reduce formaldehyde emission from Melamin Formaldehida (MF). The objectives of this research are to find the best glue composition for low formaldehyde emission, and to know relation between moisture content and formaldehyde emission value. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Wood industrial waste materials used in this research are acacia, sengon, and Shorea spp. For gluing the composite board was bended using MF and isocyanate. Treatment in this research include composition of isocyanate -MF (1:0, 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 0:1) and paraffin level (0%, 2%, 4%. 6%, 8%). The research methods are board making which includes glue mixing isocyanate-MF, mat forming, hot pressing, and conditioning ± 2 weeks. The composite board was analyzed for formaldehyde emission test used the WKI bottle method. Statistical analyze using program SPSS 13. Two standards are use to classify the emission value, there are SNI 01-6050-1999 and JAS 2003. RESULT AND DISCUSSION. From the formaldehyde emission test, it found that the glue composition which fulfill the F**** (JAS 2003) and E0 (SNI 01- 6050-1999) are isocyanate-MF 0:1 with paraffin level 0% until 8% and glue composition of isocyanate-MF 1:1 with paraffin level 2%. The glue composition which fulfill the F*S and E2 are isocyanate-MF 1:1 with paraffin level 0%, 4%, 6%, isocyanate-MF 1:2 with paraffin level 6%, and isocyanate-MF 1:4 with paraffin level 8%. The glue composition which fulfill the F** and El is isocyanate-MF 1:1 with paraffin level 8%. And the glue composition that fulfill the F** and E2 is isocyanate-MF with paraffin level 4%. Other glue composition and paraffin levels did not fulfill the emission value of JAS 2003 and SNI 01- 6050-1999 standard. This research found that emission values are influenced by type of resin, resin composition, and the amounts of resin that used. The formaldehyde emission value might be influenced by resin molar ratio, and wood species...