Distribusi Spasial Suhu Permukaan dan Kecukupan Ruang Terbuka Hijau di Kota Semarang
Abstract
Semarang is one of cities that become center of public activity which is always developing in many aspects such as settlement, , roads, industries and other infrastructures. Unfortunately, The development seems to ignore environmental sustainability, in which large of green open space are converted into other land uses. The conversion will lead micro climate changes resulted in Urban Heat Island and green house effect. Those phenomenon can be observed by utilizing Geographic Information System and remote sensing. The objectives of the research are as follows : (1) land cover type identification and surface thermal of spatial distribution, , (2) the relationship between surface thermal with Green Space capacity, open land and built areas. (3) the relationship between surface thermal with Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), through interpretation and landsat Imaginery 7 ETM. The research area situated at in Semarang City and data used were Landsat Imaginery 7ETM path/row 120/065 acquiring on April 2001 and June 2006. Landsat imagery were analyzed using an Arc View 3.2 and ERDAS Imagine 8.5 software. Surface temperature were estimated using band 6. Those analysis were aimed to identify relationship between surface thermal with Green Space, the open land, built area and NDVI. Semarang city with 38.721.70 Ha are dominated by land cover, such as built area 27.52% on year 2001 and 35,58% in 2006. The biggest land cover changes happened on built area and with advancing is 8.06%. Thermal Surface distribution were found ranges from <20 oC - ≥34 oC. The area which have thermal surface value of ≥34 oC was expanded from 16.80 % in 2001 to 25.68% in 2006. However, green space capacity areal are still covering 30%, inline with proportion based on UU. No.26 on 2007 about areal governance. The relationship between surface thermal with Green Space and other land uses were identified. It showed that surface temperature of open space area is lower than other landuses such as bare land and settlement. Moreover, It analysis result showed that surface temperature will infllence by NDVI, in which the surface temperature will increase by the lowering NDVI and vice versa.