Karakteristik Fisis dan Mekanis Panel Sandwich Bambu Tali dengan Variasi Dimensi dan Jumlah Lapisan Sel Heksagon

Abstract

Bambu dapat dipilih sebagai alternatif material lain seperti kayu solid, beton, dan baja. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh dimensi dan jumlah lapisan sel heksagon pada core terhadap sifat fisis dan mekanis panel sandwich. Bahan utama pembuatan panel berukuran 300 mm × 300 mm ini adalah bambu tali dan perekat polivinil asetat. Percobaan faktorial dengan pola rancangan acak lengkap diterapkan dengan dua faktor yaitu dimensi sel (kecil, sedang, dan besar) dan jumlah lapisan sel heksagon (2 lapis, 3 lapis, dan 4 lapis). Evaluasi sifat fisis dan mekanis panel sandwich dibandingkan dengan standar JIS A 5905-2003 untuk papan serat dan standar JIS A 5908-2003 untuk papan partikel. Hasil analisis membuktikan adanya pengaruh kombinasi dimensi sel dan jumlah lapisan sel heksagon pada kerapatan dan kuat tekan panel sandwich. Hasil yang paling optimal diperoleh dari panel sandwich dengan kombinasi sel berdimensi kecil berlapis empat yang menghasilkan nilai kadar air 10,18%; kerapatan 0,42%; kuat tekan 20,88 kg/cm2; MOE tegak lurus serat dan sejajar serat berturut-turut 4246 kg/cm2 dan 7883 kg/cm2; MOR tegak lurus serat dan sejajar serat berturut-turut 53,54 kg/cm2 dan 112,27 kg/cm2; serta internal bond 1,04 kg/cm2.

Bamboo can be chosen as an alternative to other materials such as solid wood, concrete, and steel. This study aims to analyze the effect of dimensions and the number of layers of hexagonal cells in the core of sandwich panels on their physical and mechanical properties. The main material for making this 300 mm × 300 mm panel was tali bamboo and polyvinyl acetate adhesive. A factorial experiment with a complete randomized design pattern was applied with two factors namely cell dimension (small, medium, and large) and the number of layers of hexagonal cells (2 layers, 3 layers, and 4 layers). The evaluation of these sandwich panels physical and mechanical properties was compared to the JIS A 5905-2003 standard for fiberboards and the JIS A 5908-2003 standard for particleboards. The results of the analysis proved the effect of a combination of cell dimensions and the number of layers of hexagonal cells on the density and compressive strength of the sandwich panel. The optimum result was obtained from sandwich panels with a combination of small-dimensional and four-layered cells, which resulted in a moisture content of 10,18%; density of 0,42%; compressive strength of 20,88 kg/cm2; MOE in perpendicular and parallel to the grain were 4246 kg/cm2 and 7883 kg/cm2, respectively; while MOR in perpendicular and parallel to the grain were 53,54 kg/cm2 and 112,27 kg/cm2, respectively; and internal bond of 1,04 kg/cm2.