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      Analisis 144 Tahun Kondisi Curah Hujan dan Suhu Udara serta Asosiasinya dengan Variabilitas Iklim di Jakarta Pusat

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      Date
      2023
      Author
      Aji, Bagus Mukti
      Setiawan, Sonni
      Muhammad, Fadhlil Rizki
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      Abstract
      Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi perubahan tren suhu udara dan pola curah hujan, serta mengkaji pengaruh variabilitas iklim terhadap fluktuasi curah hujan dan suhu udara di wilayah Jakarta Pusat selama 144 tahun (1876-2019). Data ini dianalisis menggunakan metode analisis tren, analisis distribusi probabilitas, analisis spektral, dan korelasi curah hujan dan suhu udara dengan indeks El-Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), dan Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). Curah hujan, suhu minimum, suhu rata-rata, dan suhu maksimum mengalami kenaikan dengan laju kenaikan masing-masing sebesar 1,7747 mm/tahun, 0,0161oC/tahun atau 2,4oC, 0,0179oC/tahun atau 2,6oC, dan 0,0208oC/tahun atau 3,0oC selama 144 tahun. Analisis spektral menunjukkan bahwa variabilitas tertinggi curah hujan musim panas berada pada periode 17 bulan, sedangkan musim dingin berada pada periode 22 bulan. Suhu rata-rata dan suhu maksimum musim panas variabilitas tertinggi berada pada periode 83 bulan, sedangkan musim dingin, pada periode 31 bulan dan 83 bulan. ENSO dan curah hujan berkorelasi positif, sedangkan ENSO dan suhu udara berkorelasi negatif. IOD dan curah hujan berkorelasi positif hanya pada musim dingin, sedangkan IOD dengan suhu udara berkorelasi positif pada setiap musim. PDO tidak memiliki hubungan signifikan dengan curah hujan dan suhu udara hampir pada setiap musimnya. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan tren curah hujan dan suhu udara selama 144 tahun (1876-2019).
       
      This study aims to identify changes in air temperature trends and rainfall patterns, and to examine the influence of climate variability on fluctuations in rainfall and air temperature in the Central Jakarta area for 144 years (1876-2019). This data was analyzed using the methods of trend analysis, probability distribution analysis, spectral analysis, and correlation in rainfall and air temperature with the El-Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), and Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) indices. Rainfall, minimum temperature, average temperature, and maximum temperature increased with an increased rate of 1,7747 mm/year, 0,0161oC/year or 2,4oC, 0,0179oC/year or 2,6oC, and 0,0208oC/year or 3,0oC over 144 years, respectively. Spectral analysis shows that the highest variability of summer rainfall is in the 17 months period, while winter is in the 22 months period. The highest variability of summer mean and maximum temperatures are in the 83 months, while the winter is in the 31-month and 83-month periods. ENSO and rainfall are positively correlated, while ENSO and air temperature are negatively correlated. IOD and rainfall are positively correlated only in winter, while IOD and air temperature are positively correlated every season. PDO has no significant relationship with rainfall and air temperature almost every season. This study shows an increasing precipitation and air temperature trend over 144 years (1876-2019).
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/124246
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