Efisiensi Teknis Produksi Bawang Merah di Sentra Produksi Jawa dan Luar Jawa

Abstract

The community's need for shallots according to the results of SUSENAS (2021) states that the participation rate for household consumption is 93.08 percent. The central government seeks to increase shallot production by extensification and intensification in all potential areas in Indonesia, especially areas outside Java. In addition, the government projects that Indonesia will have a surplus of shallots in 2024. The increase in shallot production is inseparable from the expansion of central production areas. The Java region has a land area of only 6% of Indonesia's territory and is larger outside Java but can contribute around 90% of national production. Seeing the conditions in Java, increased production can be directed towards expanding production areas outside Java by utilizing red onion production areas. Based on these problems, in an effort to increase shallot production it is necessary to analyze how potential shallot production areas are in Java and Outside Java, what factors affect the technical efficiency of shallots in Java and Outside Java. In general, this study aims to (1) identify the technical efficiency of shallot production in Java and Outside Java, (2) determine the factors that influence the technical efficiency of shallot production. In this study, there are two production functions that are used separately, namely for the production function of Java and Outside Java. The analytical method used is the Stochastic Frontier with the Cobb Douglas production function model which is carried out simultaneously with technical inefficiency factors using Stata 15 software. The data used is the 2014 Horticultural Crop Household Survey data from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS). Based on the results of the analysis it is known that the production function in Java shows all variables, namely, Harvested Area, Labor, Seeds, Fertilizers, Pesticide, Season¸ dummy and Land Type dummy significantly affect shallot production. While the production function outside Java, the only variables that are efficient are harvested area, labor, seeds, and fertilizers which have a significant effect on shallot production. Furthermore, the average value of technical efficiency outside Java is higher than in Java. Meanwhile, the factors that significantly increase the technical efficiency of shallot farming in Java are the role of farmer groups and the factors that influence outside Java, namely KUD participation in cooperatives.