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      Perbandingan Metode Koreksi Bias pada Data Curah Hujan ECMWF sebagai Dasar Analisis Kekeringan Meteorologis

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      Date
      2023
      Author
      Putri, Melinda Anggia
      Koesmaryono, Yonny
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      Abstract
      Kekeringan meteorologis disebabkan oleh curah hujan yang rendah dalam kurun waktu tertentu. Riau merupakan salah satu provinsi di Indonesia yang rawan mengalami kekeringan. Analisis kekeringan dapat dilakukan dengan menghitung indeks kekeringan salah satunya menggunakan metode Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI). Menghitung SPI memerlukan data curah hujan sebagai input yang dapat diperoleh melalui data observasi ataupun data model satelit jika ketersediaan data observasi terbatas. Namun, luaran data model masih memiliki bias terhadap data observasi sehingga perlu dikoreksi sebelum digunakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan dua metode koreksi bias pada data curah hujan model European Center for Medium Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF) di Provinsi Riau tahun 2007-2016 dan mengidentifikasi metode yang menghasilkan luaran data terbaik, yaitu memiliki korelasi tertinggi dan nilai error (RMSE) terendah terhadap curah hujan observasi. Metode koreksi bias yang digunakan yaitu Quantile Mapping dan Rasio Rata-rata. Curah hujan hasil koreksi terbaik kemudian digunakan untuk menghitung SPI. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa curah hujan ECMWF yang dikoreksi menggunakan metode Rasio rata-rata memberikan hasil terbaik dibandingkan metode Quantile Mapping karena memiliki korelasi tertinggi dan RMSE terendah. Berdasarkan analisis temporal SPI di Provinsi Riau (rata-rata seluruh grid) tahun 2007-2016 menggunakan curah hujan ECMWF terkoreksi metode Rasio Rata-rata, telah terjadi kekeringan sebanyak 17 kali dengan rata-rata durasi kejadian selama 2 bulan dan durasi maksimum hingga 4 bulan. Pada bulan Oktober tahun 2015 Provinsi Riau (bagian selatan) mengalami kekeringan yang diikuti oleh kejadian IOD positif (menandakan kekeringan di Indonesia) dengan nilai SPI mencapai -1,77 dan masuk ke dalam kategori sangat kering.
       
      Meteorological drought caused by low precipitation within a certain period of time. Riau is one of the provinces in Indonesia which is prone to drought events. Drought analysis can be done by calculating the drought index named Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI). The drought index (SPI) requires precipitation data as an input that can be obtained through observation data or satellite data model if the observation data are limited. However, satellite data model has a bias against observation data and needs to be corrected before being used as an input. This study aims to compare two different bias data correction methods on European Center for Medium Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF) precipitation data in Riau Province on 2007-2016 which shows the best corrected data output (highest correlation and lowest RMSE). The bias correction method that used in this study are Quantile Mapping and Average Ratio. The best corrected output of ECMWF precipitation data then used to calculate SPI. The results of this analysis show that the Average Ratio method has the better results than Quantile Mapping method as it has a lower error value (RMSE) and higher correlation (r). Based on temporal SPI analysis in Riau Province (all grids average) on 2007-2016 using corrected ECMWF precipitation by Average Ratio method shows that there were 17 times of drought with 2 months average duration and a maximum duration is 4 months. In October 2015, Riau Province (southern area) suffered drought which was followed by positive IOD (indicating drought in Indonesia) with -1,77 SPI value and classified as the very dry category.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/123031
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      • UT - Geophysics and Meteorology [1717]

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