Profil Fitokimia dan Aktivitas Antidiabetes Minyak Ekaliptus dari Beberapa Klon Hibrid Eucalyptus Sp dari HTI PT. Toba Pulp Lesatri
Abstract
Daun Eucalyptus mengandung minyak ekaliptus yang berpotensi bersifat antidiabetes. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisa profil fitokimia dan menganalisis aktivitas antidiabetes minyak ekaliptus hasil penyulingan daun lima jenis klon Eucalyptus spp. hasil persilangan antara E. grandis, E. pellita, dan E. urophylla dari HTI PT. Toba Pulp Lestari. Minyak diperoleh dari penyulingan dengan metode kukus selama 2 jam. Minyak dianalisis fitokimianya dengan Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) kemudian diuji secara in vitro sebagai antidiabetes. Rendemen yang didapat yaitu berkisar 0,08-0,3%. Minyak ekaliptus dari beberapa klon ini mengandung senyawa utama seperti eukaliptol, α-pinena, γ-terpinene, dan p-cymene dengan konsentrasi berbeda. Kandungan senyawa tertinggi minyak ekaliptus dari klon 73, 82, dan 120 adalah eukaliptol, sedangkan klon 72 dan 111 mengandung α-pinena tertinggi. Kelima jenis minyak ekaliptus tersebut tergolong sangat lemah bersifat antidiabetes karena persentase penghambatan enzim α-glukosidase pada konsentrasi 500 μg/mL maksimal hanya 34,733%.
Kata kunci: α-glukosidase, Eucalyptus grandis, E. pellita, E. urophylla, GC-MS Eucalyptus leaves contain eucalyptus oil which has potential antidiabetic properties. This study aimed to analyze the phytochemical profile and to analyze the antidiabetic activity of eucalyptus oil extracted from the leaves of five clones of Eucalyptus spp. the result of a cross between E. grandis, E. pellita, and E. urophylla from HTI PT. Toba Pulp Lestari. The oil is obtained from distillation by steaming for 2 hours. The oil was analyzed for its phytochemistry by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) and then tested in vitro as an antidiabetic. The yield obtained ranges from 0,08-0,3%. Eucalyptus oil from several of these clones contains main compounds such as 1,8-cineol, α-pinene, γ-terpinene, and p-cymene with different concentrations. The highest compound content of eucalyptus oil from clones 73, 82, and 120 was 1,8-cineol, while clones 72 and 111 contained the highest alpha-pinene. The five types of eucalyptus oil are classified as very weak in antidiabetic properties because the percentage of inhibition of the α-glucosidase enzyme at a maximum concentration of 500 μg/mL is only 34,733%.
Keywords: α-glucosidase, Eucalyptus grandis, E. pellita, E. urophylla, GC-MS
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