Identifikasi dan Uji Kepekaan Bakteri Coccus Gram Positif Katalase Negatif dari Kuda (Equus caballus) Terhadap Beberapa Antibiotik

Abstract

Kasus resistansi mikroba terhadap antimikroba sudah banyak terjadi di dunia salah satunya pada kuda. Bakteri coccus Gram positif katalase negatif dapat menjadi bakteri patogen yang menyerang saluran pencernaan kuda. Belum ada penelitian mengenai resistansi bakteri coccus Gram positif katalase negatif pada kuda di Indonesia terhadap berbagai jenis antibiotik. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengidentifikasi bakteri coccus Gram positif katalase negatif dan menguji kepekaannya terhadap 6 jenis antibiotik dengan metode difusi cakram. Data hasil penelitian dianalisis dan disajikan secara deskriptif melalui perbandingan dengan tabel standar diameter zona hambat atau kepekaan antibiotik Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) tahun 2021. Hasil identifikasi ditemukan 7 isolat bakteri coccus Gram positif katalase negatif dari dua puluh sampel feses kuda sehat dan dewasa di Jakarta International Equestrian Park. Dari 7 isolat bakteri coccus Gram positif katalase negatif tersebut, 4 isolat teridentifikasi sebagai bakteri Enterococcus sp. sedangkan ketiga lainnya teridentifikasi sebagai bakteri Streptococcus sp. Hasil uji kepekaan bakteri coccus Gram positif katalase negatif menunjukkan isolat bakteri resistan terhadap sefotaksim dan asam nalidiksat. Kepekaan bakteri terhadap amoksisilin, oksitetrasiklin, dan kloramfenikol masih relatif peka. Saran yang dapat disampaikan penulis mengenai penelitian ini yaitu diperlukan adanya penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai faktor ras yang mempengaruhi terjadinya infeksi bakteri. Selain itu, diperlukan identifikasi lebih lanjut berupa identifikasi secara molekuler dengan PCR.

Many cases of antimicrobial resistance have occurred in the world, one of which is in horses. Catalase-negative Gram-positive coccus bacteria are pathogenic bacteria that attack the digestive tract of horses. There has been no research on the resistance of Gram positive catalase-negative coccus bacteria in horses in Indonesia to various types of antibiotics. The research was conducted by identifying catalase-negative Gram positive coccus bacteria and testing their sensitivity to 6 types of antibiotics by disc diffusion method. The data were analysed and presented descriptively through comparison with the standard table of inhibition zone diameter or antibiotic sensitivity of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) in 2021. Seven isolates of catalase-negative Gram-positive coccus bacteria were found from twenty faeces samples of healthy and adult horses at the Jakarta International Equestrian Park. Of the seven isolates of catalase-negative Gram positive coccus bacteria, four isolates were identified as Enterococcus sp. while the other three were identified as Streptococcus sp. The results of the sensitivity test of catalase-negative Gram-positive coccus bacteria showed that the bacterial isolates were resistant to cefotaxime and nalidixic acid. Bacterial sensitivity to amoxicillin, oxytetracycline, and chloramphenicol is still relatively sensitive. Suggestions that can be conveyed by the author regarding this research are that further research is required regarding breed factors that affect the occurrence of bacterial infections. In addition, further identification is needed in the form of molecular identification by PCR.