Identifikasi dan Uji Kepekaan Bakteri Coccus Gram Positif Katalase Negatif dari Kuda (Equus caballus) Terhadap Beberapa Antibiotik
Abstract
Kasus resistansi mikroba terhadap antimikroba sudah banyak terjadi di
dunia salah satunya pada kuda. Bakteri coccus Gram positif katalase negatif dapat
menjadi bakteri patogen yang menyerang saluran pencernaan kuda. Belum ada
penelitian mengenai resistansi bakteri coccus Gram positif katalase negatif pada
kuda di Indonesia terhadap berbagai jenis antibiotik. Penelitian dilakukan dengan
mengidentifikasi bakteri coccus Gram positif katalase negatif dan menguji
kepekaannya terhadap 6 jenis antibiotik dengan metode difusi cakram. Data hasil
penelitian dianalisis dan disajikan secara deskriptif melalui perbandingan dengan
tabel standar diameter zona hambat atau kepekaan antibiotik Clinical and
Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) tahun 2021. Hasil identifikasi ditemukan 7
isolat bakteri coccus Gram positif katalase negatif dari dua puluh sampel feses
kuda sehat dan dewasa di Jakarta International Equestrian Park. Dari 7 isolat
bakteri coccus Gram positif katalase negatif tersebut, 4 isolat teridentifikasi
sebagai bakteri Enterococcus sp. sedangkan ketiga lainnya teridentifikasi sebagai
bakteri Streptococcus sp. Hasil uji kepekaan bakteri coccus Gram positif katalase
negatif menunjukkan isolat bakteri resistan terhadap sefotaksim dan asam
nalidiksat. Kepekaan bakteri terhadap amoksisilin, oksitetrasiklin, dan
kloramfenikol masih relatif peka. Saran yang dapat disampaikan penulis mengenai
penelitian ini yaitu diperlukan adanya penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai faktor ras
yang mempengaruhi terjadinya infeksi bakteri. Selain itu, diperlukan identifikasi
lebih lanjut berupa identifikasi secara molekuler dengan PCR. Many cases of antimicrobial resistance have occurred in the world, one of
which is in horses. Catalase-negative Gram-positive coccus bacteria are
pathogenic bacteria that attack the digestive tract of horses. There has been no
research on the resistance of Gram positive catalase-negative coccus bacteria in
horses in Indonesia to various types of antibiotics. The research was conducted by
identifying catalase-negative Gram positive coccus bacteria and testing their
sensitivity to 6 types of antibiotics by disc diffusion method. The data were
analysed and presented descriptively through comparison with the standard table
of inhibition zone diameter or antibiotic sensitivity of the Clinical and Laboratory
Standards Institute (CLSI) in 2021. Seven isolates of catalase-negative
Gram-positive coccus bacteria were found from twenty faeces samples of healthy
and adult horses at the Jakarta International Equestrian Park. Of the seven isolates
of catalase-negative Gram positive coccus bacteria, four isolates were identified
as Enterococcus sp. while the other three were identified as Streptococcus sp. The
results of the sensitivity test of catalase-negative Gram-positive coccus bacteria
showed that the bacterial isolates were resistant to cefotaxime and nalidixic acid.
Bacterial sensitivity to amoxicillin, oxytetracycline, and chloramphenicol is still
relatively sensitive. Suggestions that can be conveyed by the author regarding this
research are that further research is required regarding breed factors that affect the
occurrence of bacterial infections. In addition, further identification is needed in
the form of molecular identification by PCR.