Penelaahan perikanan pukat cincin dan status kebeerlanjutan di daerah kota Manado menggunakan pemodelan umpan balik sistemis

Abstract

Keberlanjutan perikanan merupakan aktivitas pengelolaan dan pemanfaatan sumber daya ikan yang menjamin pemenuhan kebutuhan secara terns menerus. Sementara perkembangan hasil tangkapan ditentukan oleh umpan balik sistemis antara unsur sumber daya ikan dan unsur upaya tangkap yang dioperasikan. Dalam penelitian ini, status keberlanjutan perikanan pukat cincin di daerah Kota Manado ditelaah melalui dimensi-dimensi ekologi, ekonomi, sosial, teknologi, dan etika dengan menerapkan teknik RAPFISH. Di samping itu, perkembangan hasil tangkapan dari perikanan ini dianalisis melalui model umpan balik sistemis. Ordinasi status keberlanjutan perikanan pukat cincin temyata bervariasi nilainya menurut dimensinya, di antara 32.9 dan 78.8. Secara rata-rata semua dimensi, posisi perikanan ini ditunjukkan berada 53% dari status keberlanjutan yang tergolong baik. Pengembangannya berpeluang dilakukan melalui perbaikan k:ualitas atribut-atribut keberlanjutan perikanan seperti: upah rata-rata dan proporsi pekerjaan (ekonomi), sosialisasi penangkapan dan partisipasi keluarga (sosial), selektivitas alat tangkap dan kemampuan menangkap (teknologi), pilihan perikanan dan ketepatan pengelolaan (etika). Melalui penerapan upaya tangkap optimum, perilaku model yang semula berfluktuasi akan selanjutnya meningkat mulus menuju ke jumlah yang relatif konstan. Uji sensitivitas model menunjukkan peubah model berupa efisiensi panen, kapasitas stok, dan status keberlanjutan perikanan yang ditingkatkan secara tunggal dan/atau kombinasi, berpeluang menambah hasil tangkapan sekaligus nilainya. Dengan demikian, kebijakan umum yang dapat dipertimbangkan untuk pengembangan perikanan ini mencakup: peningkatan efisiensi panen, peningkatan kapasitas stok, dan perbaikan status keberlanjutan. Selain itu, standardisasi atribut-atribut keberlanjutan perikanan menurut alat tangkap dan sosialisasinya bagi semua pihak, disarankan untuk dilakukan

Fisheries sustainability is management and the utilization of fish resources which can guarantee the availability of that resources continuously. Meanwhile, the progress of catch is determined by systemic feedback between fish resources components and fishing effort components. In this research, the sustainability status of purse seine fishery in Manado was examined through ecological, economic, sociological, technological, and ethical approaches by employing RAPFISH technique. Moreover, the performance of the catch of this fishery was analyzed using systemic feedback model. The status of the purse seine fishery in this region was 53% of the fisheries sustainability which is classified as good fisheries. Improvement of this status can be done by improving several attributes qualities, among others: wage and sector employment (economy); socialization of fishing and kin participation (social); selective gear and catching power (technology); alternatives and just management (ethics). Through the application of optimal fishing effort, the behavior model that previously shown fluctuated in catch, was then increased to a relatively constant number. From sensitivity analysis, it was found that variable model such as harvest efficiency, stock capacity, and sustainability status which had been increased by itself and/or in combination, has the possibility to improve the catch and its value. By looking at those, the most possible thing to do to improve the fishery is through increasing the efficiency of harvest, stock capacity, and also the improvement of sustainability status. Beside that, standardization of fisheries sustainability attributes according to fishing gears which then followed by socialization of their use to the community, is also suggested.