Pemodelan Spasial Kesesuaian Habitat Potensial Harimau Sumatra (Panthera tigris sumatrae) di Taman Nasional Bukit Barisan Selatan, Sumatra, Indonesia

Abstract

Studi ini menerangkan tentang model spasial kesesuaian habitat potensial harimau di Taman Nasional Bukit Barisan Selatan (TNBBS). Studi ini menghubungkan penginderaan jauh dengan survey harimau sumatra dan satwa mangsanya yang di kumpulkan menggunakan kamera-trap untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor lingkungan dan manusia yang berpengaruh secara nyata terhadap habitat potensial harimau dan untuk membangun sebuah model spasial kesesuaian habitat potensial harimau di TNBBS. Hasil study menunjukan bahwa model spasial untuk memperkirakan kesesuaian habitat potensial harimau sumatra di TNBBS dapat dibangun menggunakan faktor-faktor lingkungan dan manusia. Faktor-faktor yang paling berpengaruh terhadap kesesuaian habitat harimau di TNBBS adalah faktorfaktor manusia seperti jarak dari jalan dan jarak dari tepian hutan dan faktor lingkungan seperti jumlah satwa mangsa harimau. Hasil verifikasi model menunjukan bahwa model spasial ini dapat memperkirakan probabilitas kehadiran harimau dengan tingkat akurasi ± 78%. Hasil verifikasi model juga menunjukan bahwa data prediksi tidak berbeda nyata dengan data aktual dan memiliki sisaan rata-rata kurang dari 10%.

and the smallest of the tiger subspecies. This charismatic flagship species for biodiversity protection is often considered a key species in Asian land-use plans aimed at conservation, restoration of degraded lands, and sustainable natural resource use. Today, Sumatran tigers have been classified as Critically Endangered on the IUCN 2006 Red List of Threatened Animals, as Appendix I under the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES). Currently, Sumatran tigers persist in isolated population throughout Sumatra included Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park (BBSNP). The number of tigers in BBSNP declined from 68 in 1992 to 43~40 animals in 1999. The recent estimate of tiger population size is 12~30 individuals. The greatest threats of Sumatran tigers in BBSNP are hunting pressure and habitat loss caused by deforestation and fragmentation by road development. BBSNP forest is as a habitat of tiger has been cleared dramatically. Kinnaird et al. (2003) and Gaveau et al. (2009) reported that almost half of BBSNP’s forest has been cleared. In addition, the environmental and human factors that influence the tiger’s potential habitat in BBSNP are also unidentified. Consequently, the root causes of habitat loss are often inadequately assessed. This study conducted to responses this problem by focusing two aspects, i.e., 1) identifying the environmental and human factors that influence the tiger’s potential habitat; and 2) developing a spatial model of tiger potential habitat suitability. Here, remotely-sensed data sets were linked with wildlife survey using camera traps to identify the environmental and human factors that influence the tiger’s potential habitat and to develop a spatial model of tiger’s potential habitat suitability as well as in BBSNP. The output is a spatial model of tiger potential habitat suitability that important for BBSNP manager and conservationists to manage tiger habitat better in BBSNP.