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      Pengaruh Ukuran dan Sumber Benih terhadap Perkecambahan serta Pertumbuhan Bibit Ki pahang (Pongamia pinnata L Pierre) pada Media Tanam yang Berbeda

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      Date
      2011
      Author
      Sabur, Abdul
      Murniati, Endang
      Palupi, Endah R
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      Abstract
      Pemerintah Indonesia pada tahun 2006 menargetkan 10% dari total kebutuhan bahan bakar minyak (BBM) nasional sebesar 40.1 jt/kl, dapat dipenuhi dari bahan bakar nabati (BBN). Ki pahang (Pongamia pinnata (L.) Pierre) merupakan salah tanaman yang berpotensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai sumber BBN. Kelebihan tanaman ini sebagai sumber BBN adalah tidak bersaing dengan penggunaaan lain dan sifatnya yang dapat menfiksasi nitrogen karena termasuk famili Leguminaceae. Potensi tanaman Ki pahang menghasilkan biodiesel mencapai 25 ton biji /ha/th, atau setara dengan 7,3 ribu liter minyak/ha/th lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan jarak pagar IP3-P yang dipredikasi menghasilkan biji sebesar 8-9 ton biji/ha/th atau setara dengan 2,6 ribu liter minyak/ha/th. Penelitian tanaman Ki pahang di Indonesia sampai saat ini masih sedikit dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh ukuran dan sumber benih terhadap perkecambahan benih, serta media yang dapat mendukung pertumbuhan bibit tanaman Ki pahang. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan September 2010 sampai dengan bulan Februari 2011. Lokasi penelitian di rumah kaca Cikabayan, Departemen Agronomi dan Hortikultura Institut Pertanian Bogor (IPB). Penelitian ini terdiri dari dua percobaan. Percobaan satu yaitu pengaruh sumber dan ukuran benih terhadap perkecambahan benih Ki pahang, dengan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) terdiri dari dua faktor. Faktor pertama yaitu sumber benih yang berasal dari Taman Nasional (TN) Ujung Kulon (S1) dan Kebun Raya Bogor (S2). Faktor kedua yaitu ukuran benih yang terdiri dari benih besar >15 mm (>1.5 gr) (U1), dan benih kecil dengan ukuran �����15 mm (�����1.5 gr) (U2), sehingga terdapat empat kombinasi perlakuan. Percobaan dua mempelajari pengaruh ukuran benih dan media tanam terhadap pertumbuhan bibit Ki pahang. Rancangan percobaan ini adalah rancangan petak terbagi (split plot design). Sebagai petak utama yaitu bibit yang berasal dari benih ukuran besar yaitu >15 mm (>1,5 gr) (U1), dan bibit yang berasal dari benih kecil �����15 mm (�����1,5 gr) (U2), sedangkan sebagai anak petak adalah media tanam terdiri dari :1) M1: media tanah topsoil; 2) M2: media tanah topsoil dan pasir (1:1); 3) M3: media tanah topsoil dan arang sekam (1:1).
       
      In 2006 the Indonesian government was targeting 10% of total national fuel demand (40.1 milion/kl/year) would be fulfilled by biofuel in the year 2025. Ki Pahang is one of potential source biodiesel which has been developed in India, Bangladesh, Philippines and Australia. The species belongs to Leguminaceae family that fixes nitrogen from the air. The biodiesel production of the species is up to 25 tons seed/ha/year, equivalent to 7.3 thousand liters oil/ha/year, higher than the third generation of Jatropha IP-3P estimated produce of 8-9 tons seed/ha/year or equal to 2.6 thousand liters oil/ha/year. However, research on the species in Indonesia is very scarce. The objective of this research is to study the effect of seed size and source on viability, and to investigate the suitable nursery planting media at the seedling stage. The experiment was conducted in September 2010 to February 2011, in Cikabayan greenhouse belongs to Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB). This research consisted of two experiments; the first experiment was to study the effect of seed size and source on seed viability and vigor. The experiment was arranged in (RBD) randomized block design with two factors. The first factor was seed source, i.e. (UKP) the Ujung Kulon National Park and (BBG) the Bogor Botanical Garden. The second factor was seed size that consists of large seeds >15 mm(>1.5 g) and small seeds ≤ 15 mm (≤ 1.5 g). The second experiment was to study the effect of seed size and planting media on seedling growth of Ki Pahang. The experiment was arranged in split plot design with the main plot was seedlings derived from large seeds > 15 mm (> 1.5 g), and from small seeds ≤ 15 mm (≤1.5 g). The sub plot was plamting media consisted of: 1) topsoil ; 2) topsoil and sand (1:1); 3) topsoil and rice husk charcoal (1:1). The result showed that the effect of interaction between seed size and seed source was significant on germination percentage but not on germination speed. The germinataion of small seed of UKP was 84% similar to those of large seed (76%) of the same source, but significantly higher than germination percentage of BBG seeds regardless the seed size (73% of large seed size and 65% of small). Germination speed of seed from UKP was higher (6,51 %/etmal) than those from BBG (5,36% NG/etmal). Planting media significantly affect seedling growth. The mixture of soil and sand (1:1) and soil and rice husk charcoal (1:1) were the suitable planting media for Pongamia seedlings.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/118878
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      Indonesia DSpace Group 
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