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      Identifikasi Virus Penyebab Penyakit Layu Mealybug Nanas pada Nanas Klon 7350 dan Klon MD2 di Kabupaten Blitar, Jawa Timur

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      Date
      2023
      Author
      Valentino, Hari
      Damayanti, Tri Asmira
      Nurulita, Sari
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      Abstract
      Nanas (Ananas comosus L. Merr) merupakan salah satu komoditas ekspor penting di Indonesia. Namun, produksinya terkendala oleh infeksi patogen, termasuk virus. Baru-baru ini, survei lapangan di area produksi nanas di Kabupaten Blitar menemukan gejala mirip infeksi virus seperti daun kemerahan bercampur dengan klorosis dan ujung daun nekrotik dengan kejadian hingga 50% pada klon 7350. Penyakit ini telah diketahui menginfeksi nanas. Namun sampai saat ini identitas genetik virus penyebab penyakit layu mealybug di Indonesia masih terbatas. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendeteksi dan mengidentifikasi spesies virus yang berasosiasi dengan penyakit layu nanas di Kabupaten Blitar. Total RNA diekstraksi dan dideteksi dengan One-Step RT-PCR menggunakan primer universal Ampelovirus, primer spesifik dari pineapple mealybug wilt-associated virus (PMWaV) 1 dan 2. Sampel positif kemudian dikonfirmasi dengan analisis runutan nukleotida. PMWaV-1 dan -2 berhasil diamplifikasimenggunakan primer spesifik pada klon 7350 dan tidak ada sampel yang terdeteksi menggunakan primer universal Ampelovirus. Di sisi lain, semua pasang primer tidak mendeteksi virus target pada klon MD2, menunjukkan gejala klorosis mungkin disebabkan oleh patogen lain. Urutan parsial gen HSP70 mengkonfirmasi keberadaan kedua spesies virus. Isolat PMWaV-1 Blitar memiliki kesamaan tertinggi (100%) nukleotida dan asam amino dengan isolat dari Taiwan dan Meksiko. Selain itu, isolat PMWaV-2 Blitar menunjukkan homologi masing-masing 99% dan 100% untuk kesamaan nukleotida dan asam amino, dengan isolat dari Taiwan, Mauritius, Kuba, dan Ghana. Hasil dari penelitian ini memastikan adanya dua spesies virus (PMWaV-1 dan -2) yang menyebabkan penyakit layu mealybug.
       
      Pineapple (Ananas comosus L. Merr) is one of the essential export commodities in Indonesia. However, virus infection causes significant yield loss. Current field survey at a pineapple production area in Blitar Regency found virus-like infection symptoms such as leaf reddish intermingle with chlorosis and necrotic leaf tips on clone 7350 and MD2 with incidence 50% and 3%, respectively. To date, there was still few information of viruses infecting pineapple in Indonesia. The aim of this study is to identify the virus species associated with mealybug wilt pineapple disease in Blitar Regency. Total RNA was extracted then detected through one-step RT-PCR method using three primer sets, including a universal primer of Ampelovirus and two specific primer pairs (PMWaV-1 and -2). Positive samples then were confirmed by nucleotide sequencing. The PMWaV-1 and PMWaV-2 were successfully amplified using specific primers on clone 7350 and there were no samples detected using Ampelovirus universal primers. In the other hand, all the primer sets did not detect any virus target on clone MD2, indicating chlorosis symptom might be caused by other pathogens. Partial sequences of the HSP70 gene confirmed the existence of both virus species. The PMWaV-1 Blitar isolates shared the highest similarities (100%) of nucleotide and amino acid with isolates from Taiwan and Mexico, respectively. Moreover, the PMWaV-2 Blitar isolates shared 99% and 100% similarities of nucleotide and amino acid, respectively with isolates form Taiwan, Mauritius, Cuba, and Ghana. The finding of this study confirmed the existence of two viruses (PMWaV-1 and -2) causing pineapple mealybug wilt disease.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/117209
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