Survei Persebaran Populasi Wereng Batang Cokelat pada Pertanaman Padi di Kabupaten Subang Jawa Barat.

Abstract

Padi (Oryza sativa L.) merupakan komoditas penting sebagai sumber pangan pokok di Indonesia. Budidaya tanaman padi seringkali mengalami kegagalan akibat serangan hama wereng batang cokelat (WBC) Nilaparvata lugens Stål. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui persebaran populasi WBC di Kabupaten Subang, kerapatan populasinya, dan tingkat kerusakan tanaman padi di tiga lokasi ketinggian tempat yang berbeda. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menelusuri keberadaan serangan WBC di lahan persawahan di areal kabupaten Subang dan memetakan persebarannya, menentukan lahan perlakuan terinfestasi di tiga lokasi ketinggian tempat berbeda, mengamati tingkat kerusakan tanaman pada umur 4 MST dan kerapatan populasi WBC. Data penunjang diperoleh melalui wawancara terhadap petani tentang teknik budidaya padi setempat kaitannya dengan pengendalian WBC di lahannya. Luas serangan dan intensitas kerusakan tanaman tertinggi 91,5% dan 41%, dengan jumlah populasi WBC tertinggi 1.8 ekor/rumpun ditemukan di lahan padi dataran rendah pada ketinggian 27-38 m dpl, sebaliknya kerusakan paling rendah sebesar 22% dan 4.3% dengan jumlah populasi 0.35 ekor/rumpun ditemukan di dataran tinggi pada 516-526 m dpl. Penggunaan varietas padi Ciherang dan Inpari 31 tidak berpengaruh terhadap jumlah populasi WBC. Lokasi penanaman padi di dataran rendah dengan curah hujan dan suhu lingkungan yang tinggi berkontribusi dalam peningkatan populasi WBC

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important commodity as the staple food in Indonesia. Rice cultivation often fails due to attacks by the brown planthopper (BPH) Nilaparvata lugens Stål. This study aims to determine the distribution of BPH population in Subang Regency, the population density, and the level of damage to rice crops at three different altitude locations. This research was conducted by tracing the presence of BPH infestation in paddy fields in the Subang district area and mapping their distribution, determining the infested treatment areas at three different altitude locations, observing the level of plant damage at 4 WAP and the population density of BPH. Supporting data was obtained through interviews with farmers regarding local rice cultivation techniques in relation to BPH control in their fields. The highest attack area and intensity of crop damage were 91.5% and 41%, with the highest number of BPH populations of 1.8 individuals/hills found in lowland rice fields at an altitude of 27-38 masl, whereas the lowest damage was 22% and 4.3% with the lowest populations of 0.35 individuals/hills found in the highlands at 516-526 masl. Ciherang and Inpari 31 rice varieties had no effect on the number of WBC populations. The location of rice cultivation in the lowlands with high rainfall and ambient temperature contributed to the increase in the BPH population.