Evaluasi kesesuaian lahan dan strategi rehabilitasi lahan mangrove di Desa Cemara, Kecamatan Cantigi, Kabupaten Indramayu, Jawa Barat

Abstract

Penyediaan data dan informasi mengenai kondisi fisik dan biologi lahan serta kondisi masyarakat sangat diperlukan dalam menunjang keberhasilan penanaman mangrove. Data dan informasi tersebut diharapkan dapat menjadi acuan pengalokasian dana dari pemerintah yang proporsional dan optimal. Beberapa kegiatan rehabilitasi telah dilakukan oleh pemerintah di Kabupaten Indramayu, namun hampir semuanya belum memperhatikan aspek biofisik dan masyarakat, akibatnya program rehabilitasi belum mampu mengembalikan keadaan hutan mangrove. Berdasarkan alasan tersebut maka, perlu dilakukan penelitian yang berjudul evaluasi kesesuaian lahan dan strategi rehabilitasi lahan mangrove di Desa Cemara, Kecamatan Cantigi, Kabupaten Indramayu, Jawa Barat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi luas dan letak kawasan yang potensial (tersedia) untuk rehabilitasi mangrove, menentukan jenis-jenis mangrove yang sesuai dan cocok untuk ditanam di Desa Cemara Kabupaten Indramayu dan menyusun strategi rehabilitasi mangrove di Desa Cemara Kabupaten Indramayu. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret hingga Juni 2022. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Desa Cemara, Kabupaten Indramayu, Provinsi Jawa Barat. Lokasi analisis vegetasi dilakukan berdasarkan metode stratified sampling dengan keterwakilan kerapatan mangrove yaitu kerapatan vegetasi rapat, sedang, dan jarang. Metode analisis yang digunakan meliputi luas dan sebaran kawasan yang potensial (tersedia) untuk direhabilitasi serta luas dan sebaran mangrove (kerapatan lebat, sedang, jarang) dengan Sistem Informasi Geografis, analisis vegetasi dan tanah, analisis luasan dan sebaran mangrove, strategi rehabilitasi mangrove secara teknis dan analisis SWOT. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, hutan mangrove di Desa Cemara terdiri dari 5 jenis mangrove. Jenis yang dominan adalah Rhizophora mucronata pada tingkat pertumbuhan pohon, tiang, dan semai. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa jenis mangrove tersebut cukup beradaptasi dengan baik dengan kondisi lingkungan tempat tumbuhnya sehingga dapat dijadikan sebagai rekomendasi jenis untuk program rehabilitasi mangrove di Desa Cemara. Luas areal yang berpotensi untuk direhabilitasi di Desa Cemara adalah 1.012,020 ha, yang terdiri dari 285,390 ha (28,2%) area bervegetasi dan 726,630 ha (71,8%) tidak bervegetasi. Rekomendasi untuk rehabilitasi hutan mangrove pada lahan dengan kerapatan mangrove rendah dan lahan timbul dengan melakukan penanaman intensif, pada lahan tambak dengan melakukan penanaman sylvofishery, pada lahan dengan kerapatan mangrove sedang dengan penanaman pengayaan dan pada lahan dengan kerapatan mangrove tinggi dengan melakukan pemeliharaan. untuk fungsi pelindung. Berdasarkan diagram dan matriks SWOT, rehabilitasi mangrove di Desa Cemara berada pada kuadran I pada area kekuatan dan peluang, yang merupakan strategi agresif. Posisi kuadran 1 adalah posisi yang menguntungkan, kegiatan rehabilitasi mangrove dilakukan dengan menghindari faktor-faktor yang mengancam, memanfaatkan sepenuhnya peluang yang ada dan mengeluarkan potensinya secara maksimal. Strategi yang dapat dilakukan yaitu melestarikan hutan mangrove, mengembangkan Desa Cemara menjadi kawasan eduwisata, dan pemberdayaan masyarakat untuk mengelola hasil hutan non kayu.

The provision of data and information regarding the physical and biological conditions of the land as well as the condition of the community is very necessary in supporting the success of mangrove planting. The data and information is expected to be a reference for the allocation of funds from the government that is proportional and optimal. Several rehabilitation activities have been carried out by the government in Indramayu Regency, but almost all of them have not paid attention to the biophysical and community, as a result the rehabilitation program has not been able to restore the condition of the mangrove forest. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a study entitled evaluation of land suitability and strategies for the rehabilitation of mangrove land in Cemara Village, Cantigi District, Indramayu Regency, West Java. This study aims were to identify the area and location of potential (available) areas for mangrove rehabilitation, determine suitable mangrove species for rehabilitation in Cemara Village, Indramayu Regency and develop a mangrove rehabilitation strategy in Cemara Village, Indramayu Regency. The research was conducted from March to June 2022. This research was conducted in Cemara Village, Indramayu Regency, West Java Province. The location of the vegetation analysis was carried out based on the purposive sampling method with the representativeness of the mangrove density, namely dense, medium, and rare vegetation density. The analytical methods used include the area and distribution of potential (available) areas for rehabilitation as well as the extent and distribution of mangroves (density, medium, rare) with Geographic Information Systems (GIS), vegetation and soil analysis, analysis of mangrove area and distribution, technical mangrove rehabilitation strategies and SWOT analysis. Based on the results of the study, the mangrove forest in Cemara Village consists of five types of mangroves. The dominant species was Rhizophora mucronata at the growth rate of trees, poles, and seedlings. This shows that the mangrove species is quite well adapted to the environmental conditions where it grows so that it can be used as a type recommendation for the mangrove rehabilitation program in Cemara Village. The area that has the potential to be rehabilitated in Cemara Village is 1,012,020 ha, consisting of 285,390 ha (28.2%) vegetated and 726,630 ha (71.8%) not vegetated. Recommendations for the rehabilitation of mangrove forests on land with low mangrove density and emergent land by intensive planting, on pond land by planting sylvofishery, on land with medium mangrove density with enrichment planting, and on land with high mangrove density by carrying out maintenance for a protective function. Based on the SWOT diagram and matrix, mangrove rehabilitation in Cemara Village is in quadrant I in the area of strengths and opportunities, which is an aggressive strategy. Quadrant 1 position is a profitable position, mangrove rehabilitation activities are carried out by avoiding threatening factors, taking full advantage of existing opportunities and bringing out their potential to the fullest. Strategies that can be carried out are conserving mangrove forests, developing Cemara Village into an edutourism area, and empowering communities to manage non-timber forest products.