Gambaran Radiografi dan Hematologi Proses Persembuhan Fraktur Femur pada Tikus dengan Terapi Minyak Sasak
Abstract
Fraktur merupakan salah satu kasus yang sering terjadi pada hewan. Saat ini konsumsi ataupun produksi obat ditekankan kepada pemanfaatan bahan alam. Selain pengobatan medis, obat tradisional sering digunakan sebagai pengobatan alternatif untuk meningkatkan kesehatan. Salah satu produk obat tradisional yang berasal dari Indonesia adalah minyak sasak. Minyak sasak mengandung flavonoid, fenolik, vitamin C, alkaloid, terpenoid, dan asam lemak (asam miristat, asam stearat, asam laurat, asam palmitat, asam oleat, dan asam kaproat) yang memiliki efek farmakologis sebagai antimikroba, antioksidan, antiinflamasi, antifungi, dan analgesik yang dapat membantu proses persembuhan fraktur.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis gambaran radiografi dan hematologi proses persembuhan fraktur femur pada tikus dengan terapi minyak sasak. Penelitian menggunakan 28 ekor tikus jantan galur Sprague Dawley yang dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok. Kelompok P0 adalah kelompok kontrol hewan coba fraktur, kelompok P1 hewan coba fraktur diberi minyak sasak 0,1 ml 2x/hari, kelompok P2 hewan coba fraktur diberi minyak sasak 0,3 ml 2x/hari, dan kelompok P3 hewan coba fraktur diberi minyak sasak 0,5 ml 2x/hari secara topikal selama 8 minggu. Pengambilan gambar radiografi dilakukan sehari sebelum operasi, sesaat, minggu ke-2, 6, dan 8 setelah operasi fraktur femur. Pengambilan darah dilakukan sehari sebelum operasi, minggu ke-2, 6, dan 8 setelah operasi. Pengamatan luka dilakukan pada hari ke-1, 3, 7, 9, 11, dan 14 setelah operasi. Variabel yang diamati dalam penelitian ini adalah volume kalus, garis fraktur, jumlah eritrosit, hemoglobin, trombosit, leukosit, neutrofil, limfosit, monosit, basofil, eosinofil, pembengkakan luka, eritema, dehisensi, dan discharge. Data dianalisis secara statistik dengan uji one way repeated measures ANOVA.
Gambaran radiografi proses persembuhan fraktur femur dengan terapi minyak sasak dosis 0,5 ml 2x/hari menunjukkan adanya perbedaan nyata pada minggu ke-6 setelah operasi yaitu volume kalus sudah mengecil dan radiopaque serta garis fraktur sudah tidak terlihat. Secara umum, gambaran hematologi pada minggu ke-2 setelah operasi mengalami penurunan kemudian meningkat pada minggu ke-6 dan ke-8, kecuali neutrofil. Gambaran hematologi pada minggu ke-2 setelah operasi yang mengalami penurunan di bawah nilai normal yang berbeda nyata dengan waktu sebelum operasi yaitu eosinofil dan trombosit. Hal ini menunjukkan respon tubuh tikus sangat aktif terhadap kerusakan jaringan karena adanya peningkatan migrasi sel dari sirkulasi darah ke jaringan setelah operasi. Sementara gambaran hematologi yang mengalami peningkatan di atas nilai normal yang berbeda nyata dengan waktu sebelum operasi yaitu neutrofil. Hal ini menunjukkan respon tubuh tikus terhadap tahapan inflamasi pada persembuhan luka. Pada minggu ke-6 setelah operasi terjadi peningkatan jumlah sel darah (leukosit, limfosit, monosit, eosinofil, eritrosit, hemoglobin, dan trombosit) yang tidak berbeda nyata dengan minggu ke-2 setelah operasi kecuali eosinofil dan
trombosit. Sementara jumlah neutrofil mengalami penurunan yang berbeda nyata dengan minggu ke-2 setelah operasi. Peningkatan dan penurunan jumlah sel darah tersebut masih berada di kisaran nilai normal dan jumlah sel darah tersebut tidak berbeda nyata dengan minggu ke-8 setelah operasi. Berdasarkan pengamatan luka terlihat sembuh pada hari ke-14 sedangkan terapi minyak sasak dosis 0,1 ml 2x/hari lebih cepat sembuh terlihat pada hari ke-9 tidak ada pembengkakan, eritema, dehisensi, dan discharge. Semakin tinggi dosis minyak sasak yang diberikan, semakin cepat proses persembuhan fraktur namun persembuhan luka menjadi lambat disebabkan oleh peningkatan kelembaban kulit.
Terapi minyak sasak dosis 0,5 ml 2x/hari selama 6 minggu dapat mempercepat proses persembuhan fraktur femur, inflamasi, tidak menyebabkan alergi, dan anemia dengan persembuhan luka terlihat pada hari ke-14. Persembuhan luka dengan terapi minyak sasak dosis 0,1 ml 2x/hari lebih cepat terlihat pada hari ke-9. Fracture is one of the cases which occur in animals. Currently, the consumption or production of drugs is emphasized on the use of natural ingredients. In addition to medical treatment, traditional medicine is often used as an alternative medicine to improve health. One of the traditional medicine products derived from Indonesia is sasak oil. This oil contains flavonoids, phenolics, vitamin C, alkaloids, terpenoids, and fatty acids (myristic acid, stearic acid, lauric acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid, and caproic acid) with pharmacological effects as antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, and analgesic which can assist the fracture healing process.
This study aimed to analyze the radiography imaging and hematological of femoral fracture healing process in rat using sasak oil therapy. The study used 28 male Sprague Dawley rats which were divided into 4 groups. Group P0 was a control group of experimental animals with fractures, group P1 of experimental animals with fracture were given sasak oil 0,1 ml twice a day, group P2 of experimental animals of fracture were given sasak oil 0,3 ml of twice a day, and group P3 of experimental animals of fracture were given sasak oil 0,5 ml twice a day topically for 8 weeks. Radiography images were taken the day before surgery, immediately, the 2nd, 6th, and 8th week after femoral fracture surgery. Blood sampling was carried out the day before surgery, the 2nd, 6th, and 8th week after surgery. Wound observations were made on the 1st, 3rd, 7th, 9th, 11th, and 14th day after surgery. The variables observed in this study were callus volume, fracture
line, erythrocyte, hemoglobin, platelets, leukocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, basophils, eosinophils, wound swelling, erythema, dehiscence, and discharge. Data were analyzed statistically by using one way repeated measures ANOV A.
The radiography imaging of healing process of a femoral fracture with sasak oil therapy at a dose of 0,5 ml twice a day showed a significant difference on the 6th week after surgery, namely the callus volume had decreased and radiopaque and fracture lines were not visible. In general, the hematological on the 2nd week after surgery decreased then increased on the 6th and 8th week, except for neutrophils. The hematological on the 2nd week after surgery that decreased below the normal value were significantly different from the time before surgery, namely eosinophils and platelets. This showed that the rat body response was very active to tissue damage due to increased cell migration from blood circulation to tissue after surgery. Meanwhile, the hematological that increased above the normal value was significantly different from the time before surgery, namely neutrophils. This showed the response of the rat's body to the inflammatory stage in wound healing. In the 6th week after surgery there was an increase in the number of blood cells (leukocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, erythrocytes, hemoglobin, and platelets) which was not significantly different from the 2nd week after surgery except for eosinophils and platelets. Meanwhile, the count of neutrophils decreased which was significantly different from the 2nd week after surgery. The increase and decrease in the count of blood cells were still in the normal range and the count of blood cells was not significantly different from the 8th week after surgery. Based on observations, the wound seemed to heal on the 14th day while the sasak oil therapy at a dose of 0,1 ml twice a day healed faster as it was seen on the 9th day and there was no swelling, erythema, dehiscence, and discharge. The higher the dose of sasak oil was given, the faster the fracture healing process. Wound healing was slow due to increased skin moisture.
Sasak oil therapy dose of 0,5 ml twice a day for 6 weeks can accelerate the healing process of femoral fractures, inflammation, does not cause allergies, and anemia with visible wound healing on the 14th day. Wound healing with a dose of 0,1 ml sasak oil twice a day was seen faster on the 9th day.
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- MT - Veterinary Science [904]