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      Keragaman Jenis Vegetasi Lantai Hutan di Cagar Alam Napabalano dan Hutan Lindung Warangga Kabupaten Muna, Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara

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      Date
      2022-08-31
      Author
      Rahmawati, Ilma
      Sulistijorini, Sulistijorini
      Qayim, Ibnul
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      Abstract
      Cagar Alam Napabalano dan Hutan Lindung Warangga merupakan kawasan hutan sekunder dataran rendah dengan masing-masing luas hutan 10,5 ha dan 18,2 ha yang berada pada ketinggian kurang dari 100 mdpl. Meskipun ketinggian wilayah Cagar Alam Napabalano dan Hutan Lindung Warangga relatif sama, tetapi karena adanya perbedaan faktor lokasi dimana Cagar Alam Napabalano letaknya berdekatan dengan pantai dan Hutan Lindung Warangga berdekatan dengan sumber air, sehingga hal tersebut diduga menyebabkan perbedaan komposisi dan keragaman vegetasi pada lantai hutannya.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi keragaman jenis vegetasi lantai hutan di Cagar Alam Napabalano dan Hutan Lindung Warangga, menganalisis perbedaan komposisi jenis dan keragaman jenis vegetasi lantai hutan, serta menganalisis faktor lingkungan yang mempengaruhi perbedaan komposisi dan keragaman jenis vegetasi lantai hutan di Cagar Alam Napabalano dan Hutan Lindung Warangga. Penelitian ini telah dilaksanakan pada bulan November 2020 hingga Maret 2021 di Cagar Alam Napabalano dan Hutan Lindung Warangga dengan menggunakan teknik analisis vegetasi dengan metode kudarat. Pengambilan sampel sebanyak 15 petak contoh yang terdiri dari plot berukuran 20 m x 20 m, 10 m x 10 m, 5 x 5 m dan 2 x 2 m. Metode pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara purposive sampling menyesuaikan dengan kondisi lapangan. Dilakukan pengukuran faktor lingkungan meliputi suhu, kelembapan udara, kelembapan tanah, pH tanah, presentase penutupan kanopi dan ketebalan serasah. Analisis data lingkungan dari masing-masing petak contoh dianalisis menggunakan Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) dengan program CANOCO. Pengambilan sampel tanah dilakukan di 15 titik pengamatan dan dianalisis faktor fisik dan kimianya. Seluruh jenis tumbuhan diidentifikasi dan dihitung jumlahnya dan dianalisis untuk mendapatkan Indeks Nilai Penting (INP), Indeks Keragaman Jenis (H’), Indeks Kemerataan Jenis (E), Indeks Dominansi (C) dan Indeks Kesamaan Komunitas (Is). Spesies penyusun vegetasi dominan di Cagar Alam Napabalano yaitu Leea indica dan Ardisia saguinolenta, sedangkan spesies dominan di Hutan Lindung Warangga adalah Chromolaena odorata dan Oplismenus undulatifolius. Komposisi jenis penyusun vegetasi lantai hutan di Cagar Alam Napabalano terdiri dari 41 spesies dengan jumlah famili yang ditemukan sebanyak 33 famili. Adapun komposisi vegetasi lantai hutan pada Cagar Alam Napabalano ini tersusun dari 18 spesies tumbuhan bawah dan 23 spesies merupakan tingkatan pertumbuhan semai. Selain itu, vegetasi lantai hutan yang ditemukan di Hutan Warangga yaitu sebanyak 57 spesies dengan jumlah famili yang dijumpai sebanyak 36 famili. Komposisi vegetasi lantai hutan pada Hutan Lindung Warangga meliputi 35 spesies termasuk tumbuhan bawah dan 22 spesies termasuk tingkat pertumbuhan semai. Analisis CCA menunjukkan bahwa secara umum faktor lingkungan yang cenderung paling memengaruhi keragaman dan komposisi jenis vegetasi lantai hutan di Cagar Alam Napabalano adalah intensitas cahaya, kelembapan udara, pH tanah dan kanopi (naungan), sedangkan di Hutan Lindung Warangga faktor lingkungan yang paling memengaruhi adalah temperatur dan intensitas cahaya, kelembapan udara dan pH tanah. Setiap jenis tumbuhan memiliki tingkat toleransi tertentu terhadap faktor faktor lingkungan yang ada di sekitarnya agar dapat terus tumbuh.
       
      The Napabalano Nature Reserve and the Warangga Protection Forest are lowland secondary forest areas with forest areas of 10,5 ha and 18,2 ha, respectively, located at an altitude of fewer than 100 meters above sea level. Although the heights of the Napabalano Nature Reserve and Warangga Protection Forest are relatively the same, due to differences in location factors where the Napabalano Nature Reserve is located close to the beach, and the Warangga Protection Forest is adjacent to water sources, this is thought to cause differences in the composition and diversity of vegetation on the forest floor.This study aimed to identify the diversity of forest floor vegetation species in the Napabalano Nature Reserve and Warangga Protection Forest, to analyze differences in species composition and diversity of forest floor vegetation, and to analyze environmental factors that influence differences in the composition and diversity of forest floor vegetation species in the Napabalano Nature Reserve and Warangga Protection Forest. This research was carried out from November 2020 to March 2021 in the Napabalano Nature Reserve and the Warangga Protection Forest by using the vegetation analysis technique using the Kudarat method. A sampling of 15 sample plots consisting of plots measuring 20 m x 20 m, 10 m x 10 m, 5 m x 5 m, and 2 m x 2 m. The sampling method was carried out by purposive sampling according to field conditions. Environmental factors were measured, including temperature, humidity, soil moisture, soil pH, percentage of canopy cover, and litter thickness. Environmental data analysis from each sample plot was analyzed using Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) with the CANOCO program. Soil sampling was carried out at 15 observation points and analyzed for physical and chemical factors. All plant species were identified and counted and analyzed to obtain the Important Value Index (IVI), Species Diversity Index (H'), Species Evenness Index (E), Dominance Index (C), and Community Similarity Index (Is). The dominant species that make up the vegetation in the Napabalano Nature Reserve are Leea indica and Ardisia saguinolenta, while the dominant species in the Warangga Protection Forest are Chromolaena odorata and Oplismenus undulatifolius. The composition of the species of forest floor vegetation in the Napabalano Nature Reserve consists of 41 species with 33 families. The composition of the forest floor vegetation in the Napabalano Nature Reserve comprises 18 species of understorey and 23 species representing the growth stage of seedlings. In addition, forest floor vegetation found in Warangga Forest is 57 species with 36 families. The composition of forest floor vegetation in the Warangga Protection Forest includes 35 species, including undergrowth and 22 species, including seedling growth rate. CCA analysis shows that, in general, the environmental factors that tend to most influence the diversity and composition of forest floor vegetation types in the Napabalano Nature Reserve are light intensity, air humidity, soil pH and canopy (shade), while in the Warangga Protection Forest the most influencing environmental factor is temperature, light intensity, air humidity and soil pH. Each type of plant has a certain level of tolerance to environmental factors around it so it can continue growing.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/114242
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      • MT - Mathematics and Natural Science [4143]

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