Kinerja Fisiologis dan Produktivitas Puyuh (Coturnix coturnix japonica) dengan Suplemen Pasta Daun Singkong

Abstract

Puyuh merupakan jenis unggas yang berkembang baik di Indonesia. Di sisi lain, puyuh memiliki kelemahan, yaitu rentan stres. Stres ini terutama dapat disebabkan oleh kondisi lingkungan yang panas dan cuaca yang tidak menentu. Stres panas dapat diatasi dengan memberikan antioksidan. Produk daun singkong dalam bentuk pasta dapat difungsikan sebagai antioksidan. Secara umum, penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji dan menganalisis pemberian pasta daun singkong pada berbagai dosis dalam meningkatkan kinerja fisiologis dan produktivitas puyuh. Penelitian menggunakan 160 ekor puyuh dalam rancangan acak lengkap, dengan perlakuan pemberian pasta daun singkong pada puyuh periode produksi yang terdiri atas 4 level/dosis, yaitu P0 (0 mg), P1 (5,29 mg), P2 (10,58 mg), dan P3 (15,87 mg). Percobaan diulang sebanyak 4 kali dengan masing-masing ulangan terdiri atas 10 ekor. Pemberian pasta daun singkong dilakukan melalui air minum dalam 100 mL setiap taraf perlakuan. Pengujian pemberian pasta daun singkong pada puyuh dilakukan pada aspek kinerja fisiologis dan aspek produktivitas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pasta daun singkong mengandung protein yang tinggi dan serat kasar yang rendah. Pasta daun singkong mengandung β karoten, klorofil, dan antioksidan. Pasta daun singkong juga mengandung flavonoid, tanin, saponin, sitosterol, dan stigmasterol. Selain itu, pasta daun singkong mengandung mineral makro, seperti P dan Ca, serta mineral mikro (Fe, Cu, Mn, dan Zn). Pasta daun singkong juga mengandung konsentrasi asam sianida yang rendah. Penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa pasta daun singkong pada dosis 10,58 mg/g mampu meningkatkan glukosa darah dan menurunkan kolesterol darah. Nilai saturasi oksigen cenderung meningkat dengan semakin tingginya dosis pasta daun singkong. Serum malondialdehid (MDA) meningkat pada pasta daun singkong dosis tinggi, sedangkan serum superoksida dismutase (SOD) tetap sama. Pasta daun singkong pada semua dosis mampu menurunkan MDA hati dan pasta daun singkong dosis 5,29 mg/g (P1) dan 10,58 mg/g (P2) mampu meningkatkan SOD hati. Uji Clearance menunjukkan adanya pasta daun singkong meningkatkan kematian bakteri Salmonella pullorum pada semua dosis. Secara statistik, rataan konsumsi pakan, masa telur, bobot telur, mortalitas, dan rataan morbiditas puyuh tidak berbeda nyata pada semua dosis. Pemberian pasta daun singkong pada dosis 10,58 mg/g (P2) dan P3 (15,87 mg/g) meningkatkan pertambahan bobot badan dan persentase produksi telur puyuh, dibandingkan P0 dan P1. Nilai konversi pakan terbaik sebesar 2,61 dicapai pada puyuh yang diberi perlakuan pasta daun singkong dengan dosis P2. Pasta daun singkong pada dosis P1, P2, dan P3 mampu meningkatkan tebal kerabang telur. Nilai Haugh Unit (HU) telur puyuh pada P0 sampai P3 berkisar 90,11-92,95 dan termasuk dalam kualitas yang sangat baik, yaitu AA. Kolesterol total kuning telur puyuh yang mendapat pasta daun singkong lebih rendah dibandingkan kontrol (puyuh yang tidak diberikan pasta daun singkong). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah kandungan zat aktif gizi, mineral makro, dan mineral mikro pasta daun singkong berpotensi meningkatkan kinerja fisiologis dan produktivitas puyuh. Pemberian pasta daun singkong meningkatkan glukosa darah, menurunkan kolesterol darah, meningkatkan saturasi oksigen, meningkatkan MDA dan SOD serum, menurunkan MDA hati, meningkatkan SOD hati, dan meningkatkan ketahanan tubuh puyuh. Pemberian pasta daun singkong juga meningkatkan produktivitas dan kualitas telur pada puyuh. Dosis P2 menghasilkan nilai konversi pakan terbaik (2,61). Dosis P3 menghasilkan telur dengan kandungan kolesterol kuning yang terendah (8,78 mg).

Quail is a type of poultry that is well developed in Indonesia. On the other hand, quail has a weakness, which is prone to stress. This stress can mainly be caused by hot environmental conditions and unpredictable weather. Heat stress can be overcome by providing antioxidants. Cassava leaf products in the form of paste can function as antioxidants. In general, this study aims to examine and analyze the effectiveness of cassava leaf paste at various doses in improving the physiological performance and productivity of quail. The study used 160 quails in a completely randomized design, with cassava leaf paste treatment in the quail production period consisting of 4 levels/doses, namely P0 (0 mg), P1 (5.29 mg), P2 (10.58 mg), and P3 (15.87 mg). The experiment was repeated 4 times with each replication consisted of 10 tails. The provision of cassava leaf paste was carried out through drinking water in 100 mL at each treatment level. Physiological performance and productivity of quail which were given cassava leaf paste were observed. The preliminary research showed that cassava leaf paste contains high protein, low crude fiber, carotene β, chlorophyll, and antioxidants. Cassava leaf paste also contains flavonoids, tannins, saponins, sitosterol, and stigmasterol. In addition, cassava leaf paste contains macro minerals such as P and Ca, as well as micro minerals (Fe, Cu, Mn, and Zn) and a low concentration of cyanide. The results of another study showed that dose of 10.58 mg/g of cassava leaf paste was able to increase blood glucose and lower blood cholesterol compared to controls. The oxygen saturation value tends to increase with a higher dose of cassava leaf paste. Serum malondialdehyde (MDA) increased in high doses of cassava leaf paste, while serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) remained the same. Cassava leaf paste at all doses were able to reduce liver MDA and cassava leaf paste at doses of 5.29 mg/g (P1) and 10.58 mg/g (P2) were able to increase liver SOD. The clearance test showed that the presence of cassava leaf paste increased the death of Salmonella pullorum bacteria at all doses. The results of this study also showed that statistically, the average feed consumption, egg mass, egg weight, mortality, and the average morbidity of quail were not different at all doses. The administration of cassava leaf paste had a significant effect on body weight gain and the percentage of quail egg production. Doses of P2 and P3 significantly increased body weight and egg production percentage which were higher than P0 and P1. The best feed conversion value of 2.61 was achieved in quails treated with cassava leaf paste at a dose of P2. Cassava leaf paste at doses P1, P2, and P3 were able to increase the eggshell thickness. The Haugh Unit (HU) value of quail eggs at P0 to P3 ranged from 90.11 to 92.95 and included very good quality, namely AA. The total cholesterol of egg yolk that received cassava leaf paste was lower than the control. This study concludes that cassava leaf paste contains active ingredients, macro and micro minerals, that have the potential to improve the physiological performance and productivity of quail. The provision of cassava leaf paste increases blood glucose, lowers blood cholesterol, increases oxygen saturation, increases serum MDA and SOD, lowers liver MDA, increases liver SOD, and increases quail body resistance. The provision of cassava leaf paste also increases the productivity and quality of eggs in quail. The P2 dose resulted in the best feed conversion value (2.61). The P3 dose produced eggs with the lowest yolk cholesterol (8.78 mg).