Kajian Pengembangan Kawasan Ekowisata Karst Rammang-rammang Di Kabupaten Maros Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan

Abstract

Kawasan karst Rammang-rammang di Sulawesi Selatan merupakan bagian dari Kawasan Karst Maros-Pangkep (KKMP) yang merupakan salah satu kawasan karst yang terbesar di dunia. Ada sekitar 70.000 wisatawan domestik dan mancanegara selama tahun 2017 yang berkunjung di Kawasan tersebut dan terjadi peningkatan setiap tahun. Kondisi ini dapat menjadi ancaman yang serius karena terjadi pengembangan wisata. Salah satu bentuk yang dapat diupayakan adalah pengembangan ekowisata. Sebagian besar wisatawan yang datang di kawasan Karst Rammang-rammang hanya mengenal wisata sungai. Selain itu masih banyak potensi di kawasan tersebut yang belum di manfaatkan secara optimal. Seperti banya gua yang bayak tersebar dan area pertanian yang memiliki view karst sebagai background. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji potensi yang ada pada Kawasan Karst Rammang-rammang, membagi zona wisata berdasarkan spektrum peluang wisata agar dapat mengembangkan kawasan karst Rammang-rammang dan sekitarnya sebagai kegiatan ekowisata yang terpadu, serta Menyusun arahan pengembangan ekowisata karst Rammang-rammang. Penelitian berada di Desa salenrang, Kabupaten Maros, Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan .Penelitian dilakukan pada Oktober 2019 hingga Desember 2021.Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu, Analisis Daerah Operasi–Objek dan Daya Tarik Wisata Alam (ADO-ODTWA), analisis Recreation Opportunity Spectrum (ROS), dan analisis SWOT. Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini adalah secara keseluruhan kawasan karst wisata Rammang-rammang memiliki dengan indeks kelayakan pengembangan sebesar 80,25% yang mengindikasi bahwa kawasan ini memiliki potensi yang tinggi untuk dikembangkan untuk kawasan ekowisata. Potensi dengan masing-masing indeks kelayakan tersebut terdiri dari daya tarik obyek wisata 94%, Aksesibilitas 93%, Akomodasi 42%, serta sarana dan prasarana 92%. Kriteria akomodasi memiliki indeks kelayakan yang rendah dibanding yang lainnya. Berdasarkan pembagian zona dengan metode ROS di Kawasan Karst Rammang-rammang diperoleh zona A termasuk kategori zona semi urban, zona B termasuk kategori zona semi urban, dan zona C termasuk kategori zona rural developed. Perumusan Strategi untuk arahan Pengembangan Kawasan Ekowisata Karst Rammang-Rammang Di Kabupaten Maros Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan yaitu memaksimalkan potensi alam dengan meningkatkan promosi melalui perancangan berbasis alam dengan melibatkan masyarakat dan stakeholder, mengembangkan wisata minat khusus seperti wisata jelajah dan wisata pendidikan, mempertahankan keindahan serta keunikan SDA agar tetap terjaga dengan cara menjaga kebersihan lingkungan, memanfaatkan kegiatan tahunan seperti festival untuk pengenalan lokasi wisata dan menarik wisatawan baik domestik maupun mancanegara dengan penyediaan akomodasi (penginapan) homestay dan memanfaatkan lahan yang dapat dijadikan lahan untuk menanam pada musim tanam sebagai kegiatan wisata tambahan bagi wisatawan.

The Rammang - rammang karst area in South Sulawesi is part of the Maros-Pangkep Karst Area (KKMP), which is one of the largest karst areas in the world. There were around 70,000 domestic and foreign tourists in 2017 who visited the area and there was an increase every year. This condition can be a serious threat due to tourism development. One form that can be pursued is the development of ecotourism. Most tourists who come to the Rammang- rammang Karst area only know about river tourism. In addition, there is still a lot of potential in the area that has not been utilized optimally. Like many scattered caves and agricultural areas that have a karst view as a background. This research aimed to examine the potential that exists in the Rammang - rammang Karst Area, to divide the tourism zones based on the spectrum of tourism opportunities in order to develop the Rammang-Rammang karst area and its surroundings as an integrated ecotourism activity and to develop directions for the development of Rammang-rammang karst ecotourism. The research is located in Salenrang Village, Maros Regency, South Sulawesi Province. The research was conducted from October 2019 to December 2021. The methods used in this research were Analysis of Operational Areas – Objects and Natural Tourist Attractions (ADO-ODTWA), Recreation Opportunity Spectrum (ROS) analysis, and SWOT analysis. The findings of the research were Overall the Rammang-Rammang karst tourism area has a development feasibility index of 80.25% which indicates that this area has a high potential to be developed for ecotourism areas. The potential with each of these feasibility indexes consists of 94% tourist attraction, 93% accessibility, 42% accommodation, and 92% facilities and infrastructure. The accommodation criteria have a low eligibility index compared to others. The researcher concluded that based on the division of zones using the ROS method in the Rammang-Rammang Karst Area. Zone A was included in the semi-urban zone category, zone B was included in the semi-urban zone category, and zone C was included in the rural developed zone category. Strategy formulation for the direction of Rammang-Rammang Karst Ecotourism Area Development in Maros Regency, South Sulawesi Province, namely maximizing the potential of nature by increasing promotion through nature-based design by involving the community and stakeholders, developing special interest tours such as cruising tours and educational tours, maintaining the beauty and uniqueness of natural resources to stay awake by maintaining environmental cleanliness, utilizing annual activities such as festivals to introduce tourist sites and attracting tourists both domestic and foreign by providing homestay accommodation (lodging) and utilizing land that can be used as land for planting in the planting season as additional tourist activities for tourists.