Insidensi dan Keparahan Penyakit Tanaman Jagung di Desa Cindaga, Kecamatan Kebasen, Kabupaten Banyumas, Jawa Tengah

Abstract

Jagung (Zea mays L.) merupakan salah satu bahan makanan pokok di beberapa daerah di Indonesia. Penyakit jagung dapat menghambat pertumbuhan tanaman yang menyebabkan penurunan hasil. Penelitian ini bertujuan menginventarisasi, mengidentifikasi, serta mengukur tingkat insidensi dan keparahan penyakit pada tanaman jagung di Desa Cindaga, Kecamatan Kebasen, Kabupaten Banyumas, Jawa Tengah. Penelitian dilaksanakan dalam enam tahap, yaitu penentuan lokasi penelitian, penentuan tanaman contoh, identifikasi penyakit, pengamatan insidensi dan keparahan penyakit, wawancara petani, dan analisis data. Pengamatan penyakit dilakukan pada tiga lahan jagung dengan luas masing-masing 350 m2. Sebanyak 40 tanaman contoh setiap lahan diamati secara sistematik. Wawancara dilakukan untuk memperoleh informasi teknik budi daya petani. Berdasarkan gejala penyakit, tiga penyakit jagung yang berhasil diidentifikasi adalah bercak daun (Curvularia sp.), hawar daun (Helminthsporium sp.), dan karat daun (Puccinia sp.). Bercak daun merupakan penyakit terpenting dengan insidensi 100% dan keparahan penyakit 67-73%. Insidensi penyakit hawar daun dan karat daun berkisar 63-73% dan 35-58%, dengan keparahan penyakit 43-48% dan 5-46%. Kondisi cuaca serta teknik budi daya yang dilakukan petani mungkin menjadi faktor pendukung tingginya tingkat insidensi dan keparahan penyakit yang terjadi di lokasi pengamatan.

Corn (Zea mays L.) is one of the staple foods at several regions in Indonesia. Diseases can inhibit plant growth leading to reduced yields. This study aims to inventory, identify, and measure the incidence and severity of disease in maize in Cindaga Village, Kebasen District, Banyumas Regency, Central Java. The research was carried out in six stages, namely determining the research location, determining sample plants, identifying disease, observing the incidence and severity of disease, interviewing farmers, and analyzing data. Disease observations were carried out on three corn fields covering each area of 350 m2. A total of 40 sample plants per field were systematically observed. Interviews were conducted to obtain information on farmers' cultivation techniques. Based on the symptoms of the disease, three diseases of maize identified were leaf spot (Curvularia sp.), leaf blight (Helminthosporium sp.), and leaf rust (Puccinia sp.). Leaf spot was the most important disease with 100% disease incidence and 67-73% disease severity values. The disease incidence of leaf blight and leaf rust ranged from 63-73% and 35-58%, with disease severity 43-48% and 25-46%, respectively. Weather conditions and cultivation techniques practiced by farmers might become contributing factors to the high incidence and severity of the diseases.