Kemampuan Reaksi Silang Antibodi Virus Human Influenza terhadap Virus Avian Influenza

Abstract

Influenza merupakan penyakit infeksi pada saluran pernapasan atas yang disebabkan oleh virus dari famili Orthomyxoviridae. Umumnya virus influenza yang menginfeksi manusia adalah influenza tipe A, yaitu A/H3N2, A/H1N1 penyebab Spanish flu dan A/H5N1 penyebab avian influenza yang bersifat zoonosis. Selain itu, virus influenza B juga umum menginfeksi manusia. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari kemampuan reaksi dan netralisasi silang dari antibodi poliklonal virus human influenza terhadap virus avian influenza A/H5N1 clade 2.1.3 dan A/H9N2. Antibodi poliklonal diperoleh dari serum dan kuning telur ayam layer yang divaksinasi dengan vaksin influenza Quadriflu®, yang berisi virus influenza A/H3N2, A/H1N1, B/Colorado, dan B/Phuket. Kemampuan reaksi silang ditentukan dengan uji agar gel presipitasi (AGP), sedangkan kemampuan netralisasi silang ditentukan dengan uji serum netralisasi (SN). Hasil uji menunjukkan bahwa antibodi poliklonal virus human influenza dapat bereaksi silang terhadap antigen avian influenza subtipe H5N1 clade 2.1.3 dan subtipe H9N2, serta dapat menetralisasi silang secara in vitro virus avian influenza subtipe H5N1 dengan nilai indeks netralisasi sebesar 1,5. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan potensi dari antibodi poliklonal kuadrivalen yang memiliki spektrum luas untuk dimanfaatkan dalam pengendalian influenza dengan pendekatan imunisasi pasif.

Influenza is an infectious disease of the upper respiratory tract caused by a virus from the Orthomyxoviridae family. In general, influenza viruses that infect humans are influenza type A, namely A/H3N2, A/H1N1 which causes Spanish flu and A/H5N1 causes zoonotic avian influenza. In addition, influenza B virus also commonly infects humans. This study aims to study the cross-reaction and cross-neutralization ability of human influenza virus polyclonal antibodies against avian influenza viruses A/H5N1 clade 2.1.3 and A/H9N2. Polyclonal antibodies were obtained from layers serum and egg yolk vaccinated with the Quadriflu® influenza vaccine, which contained influenza A/H3N2, A/H1N1, B/Colorado, and B/Phuket. The cross-reaction ability was determined by agar gel precipitation (AGP) test, while cross neutralization ability was determined by serum neutralization (SN) test. Our results showed that the polyclonal antibody of human influenza virus could cross-react against avian influenza antigen subtype H5N1 clade 2.1.3 and subtype H9N2, and able to cross-neutralize avian influenza virus subtype H5N1 with a neutralization index value of 1,5. The results showed the potential of quadrivalent polyclonal antibodies which have a broad spectrum to be utilized in controlling influenza with a passive immunization approach.