| dc.description.abstract | Banyuwangi Regency is a lagging area before the entry of digital technology. The poverty rate in the village is quite high and difficult to access transportation. Along with the entry of the Industrial era 4.0 villages experienced poverty a second time in the form of information asymmetry, namely digital poverty or digital poverty. Since the enactment of Village Law No. 6 of 2014, regional leaders have immediately taken innovative steps to transform traditional villages into digital villages. The transformation was carried out through the provision of an online public service called 'Smart Kampung'. The existence of transformation inequality by local governments creates a digital divide among technology beneficiaries.
The transformation presented to the village has not been accompanied by good information and digital literacy, so many villagers have not been able to take advantage of it. Digital technology intervention in villages needs to be maximized in order to improve welfare and become a new social capital for sustainable village development. Thus this research aims to; 1) analyze the direction and process of transforming non-digital villages into digital villages in the highland and coastal countryside of Banyuwangi Regency; 2) analyze the use of digital technologies that affect changes in socio-economic status, culture , and welfare of rural communities highlands and coastal areas of Banyuwangi Regency; 3) identify driving agents for the transformation of non-digital villages towards digital villages, and 4) formulate development sustainability ddigital technology that is able to encourage increased productivity of the village economy. This research uses qualitative methods assisted by quantitative data and data collection conducted through surveys, observations, interviews, and focus group discussions. In addition, secondary data collection is also obtained through literature studies and accompanying documentation. The research was conducted in two villages with different ecologies, namely Tamansari highland villages, Licin district, and Ketapang coastal village, Kalipuro district, Banyuwangi regency. The research began on November 20, 2019, and ended on October 25, 2020.
Based on the results of research, digital technology interventions in villages have succeeded in changing the lives of rural communities from traditional to digital-based communities. The change resulted in an increase in the welfare of rural communities by 20.37%. The change of the public service system to online has been able to increase the effectiveness of work up to 50 times. Marketing local products through the Facebook social media network is known to be able to increase income while increasing the digital capabilities of citizens in using digital technology devices. Thus, the village has succeeded in reducing the gap in basic digital.
The use of digital technology in the village is influenced by the diversity of access and ownership of devices, in addition to demographic social conditions. In contrast, geographical conditions do not affect the intervention of digital technology in the village due to its borderless and timeless nature. Research reveals that the community group of Smartphone device users has a higher level of well-being than the group. Therefore, the diversity of access and devices affects a person's digital ability to utilize digital technology. Research reveals that the use of digital technology affects the diversity of livelihood groups' well-being. In the village, the ASN group, merchants, and private workers ranked highest in the use of the usefulness of digital technology. On the contrary, fishermen ranked lowest. The results of measurements of the rural digital development index (RDDI) showed a score of 2.09 which means that the village is undergoing a 'transformed' phase, which is the village phase that is processing from traditional to digital villages. In the process, the village is still faced with the problem of the advanced digital divide. Because the village community is still constrained in the use and utilization of more productive digital technology. Digital transformation in the village is considered to have affected changes in the socio-economic and cultural status of the village community. Changes in the behavior of rural communities can be seen in social interactions based on digital technology. In the village, WhatsApp communication media usage reached 77.1%, Facebook social media 35.1%, and banking business activity interaction 0.8%. Thus, research shows that the change in the needs of rural communities for digital technology is quite high, but the use of economic activity is still low. Changes also occurred in the culture of serving in the village government. The digitization of the public service system in the village makes it easier for people to meet their administrative needs, thus impacting the increase of small and medium-sized micro small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in the village. In addition, the digitization of public servants also has an effect on the development of village tourism and is more widely recognized to have an impact on the number of tourist visitors who come. Tourism which is the core of Banyuwangi area development is considered to have a double effect, because of its users that can be felt directly by the community. Through tourism activities, the village is able to develop its potential to become a tourist village that can provide all tourism needs independently such as the provision of homestay accommodation, tour guides, souvenirs, accessories, and, culinary to the needs of transportation services. Thus, digital technology opens up new job opportunities in the village. Activities in villages that have been digitally based are able to develop village MSMEs businesses known to foreign countries. The government provides marketing and transaction space for village MSMEs through local marketplaces, namely Banyuwangi Mall.com which cooperates with large digital platforms to develop the regional economy. Thus, MSMEs in the village have been digitally based. The results revealed that the Banyuwangi government developed an RDTF (Rural Digital Transformation Framework) strategy for the success of transformation efforts in Banyuwangi. The framework consists of 1) digital leadership; 2) digital infrastructure; 3) tourism of things and festival of things and 4) Gethok tular digital marketing. The framework is one of the sustainability strategies for rural development in Banyuwangi.
Transformation in the village is considered successful because of the important role of the village's digital change agent. The results revealed that 1) young people of age (digital natives) are the most users of digital technology in the village; 2) the young age consisting of the head of the hamlet, tour guide, village head, MSMEs, and gojek platform is an agent of digital change with the highest level of centrality in the village. The group is known to play an important role in the digital transformation that occurs in the village.
The sustainability of digital tourism village development is carried out by developing SDG's sustainability model which includes aspects of socio-cultural, economic, environmental, and, governance sustainability. The commodification of tourism becomes a path towards sustainability in the first three aspects, followed by digital government or digital government as the sustainability of governance in the village. The sustainability of digital tourism village development is implemented by paying attention to efforts to preserve a regional culture that is integrated with local wisdom values and then instituted so that it is of economic value. The transformation of digital technology in the village requires the collaboration of all parties, especially community involvement as beneficiaries. Digital technology interventions need to be supported by strengthening digital literacy for the improvement of capabilities, productivity, and community welfare. The digital transformation of the village towards a digital village has implications for digital-based interactions, interconnections, interactions or transactions of rural communities or it’s called a neue Gemeinschaft. | id |
