Strategi Penguatan Program Penanganan Kemiskinan Kota Mojokerto di Era Digital

Abstract

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan utama untuk merumuskan strategi penguatan program penanganan kemiskinan Kota Mojokerto di era digital. Sedangkan tujuan spesifik penelitian antara lain menganalisis efektifitas implementasi program bantuan sosial non tunai (BPNT dan PKH) di Kota Mojokerto, menganalisis implementasi DTKS sebagai data acuan program penanganan kemiskinan di Kota Mojokerto serta mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi keberhasilan program penanganan kemiskinan Kota Mojokerto di era digital. Penelitian menggunakan gabungan antara kualitatif dan kuantitatif (mixed methods) dengan Exploratory Sequential Design. Analisis data deskriptif kualitatif menggunakan Interactive Model (Miles et.al. 2019) dan Gap Analysis yang didukung dengan statistika deskriptif. Perumusan dan penentuan prioritas strategi penguatan program penanganan kemiskinan Kota Mojokerto di era digital melalui tahap pengumpulan data atau input menggunakan Matriks IFAS dan EFAS, tahap analisis atau pencocokan menggunakan Matriks SWOT dan tahap pengambilan keputusan menggunakan QSPM. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa BPNT (Sembako) dan PKH belum berjalan secara efektif... Ketidakjelasan persyaratan atau kriteria sasaran penerima bantuan baik BPNT (Sembako) maupun PKH menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan BPNT (Sembako) maupun PKH belum berjalan efektif. Ketidakefektifan PKH juga diindikasikan dengan belum tepat tujuan berdasarkan belum tersedianya mekanisme pengendalian pembelanjaan uang bantuan sehingga rentan terjadinya penyalahgunaan uang bantuan. Keterbatasan SDM dan anggaran menyebabkan pengelolaan DTKS belum terlaksana secara optimal. Beberapa formasi yang disyaratkan dalam struktur organisasi (pengawas/pemeriksa, koordinator dan petugas monitoring) belum terpenuhi. Demikian juga dengan musyawarah kelurahan, bimbingan teknis dan monitoring yang belum dapat dilaksanakan berpengaruh terhadap kualitas (akurasi) pendataan dan verifikasi DTKS yang dapat mengakibatkan inclusion dan exclusion error. Faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi keberhasilan program penanganan kemiskinan Kota Mojokerto di era digital antara lain terdiri dari faktor eksternal dan internal. Faktor eksternal meliputi peluang dan ancaman. Peluang antara lain meliputi komitmen Pemerintah Kota Mojokerto dalam program penanganan kemiskinan, kewenangan Pemerintah Kota Mojokerto dalam melakukan pemutakhiran DTKS, dan kejelasan SOP yang memudahkan implementasi program. Sedangkan ancaman meliputi keterbatasan SDM yang kompeten, keterbatasan anggaran dalam penanganan kemiskinan, serta komunikasi dan koordinasi antar pemangku kepentingan dalam penanganan kemiskinan kurang optimal. Sedangkan faktor internal meliputi kekuatan dan kelemahan. Kekuatan meliputi dukungan Pemerintah Pusat dalam program penanganan kemiskinan, dukungan dunia usaha, lembaga pengelola zakat dan lembaga sosial lainnya dalam mendukung program penanganan kemiskinan, letak strategis Kota Mojokerto dalam mendukung program bantuan sosial, serta ketersediaan Potensi dan Sumber kesejahteraan Sosial yang memadai yang berkontribusi aktif dalam usaha kesejahteraan sosial. Kelemahan meliputi perubahan kebijakan/peraturan terkait penanganan kemiskinan yang cepat, kondisi sosial ekonomi masyarakat Kota Mojokerto yang dinamis, serta kurangnya pemahaman masyarakat terhadap sasaran penerima bantuan. Berdasarkan hasil kajian perumusan strategi penguatan program penanganan kemiskinan Kota Mojokerto di era digital, maka diperoleh sembilan strategi dengan prioritas strategi yang direkomendasikan adalah mengintegrasikan semua upaya penanganan kemiskinan dalam sebuah sistem informasi.

This research was conducted with the main objective to formulate a strategy to strengthen the poverty alleviation program in Mojokerto City in the digital era. While the specific objectives of the study include analyzing the effectiveness of the implementation of non-cash social assistance programs (BPNT and PKH) in Mojokerto City, analyzing the implementation of DTKS as reference data for poverty alleviation programs in Mojokerto City and identifying and analyzing the factors that influence the success of the Mojokerto City poverty alleviation program. in the digital age. This research used a combination of qualitative and quantitative (mixed methods) with Exploratory Sequential Design. Qualitative descriptive data analysis using the Interactive Model (Miles et.al. 2019) and Gap Analysis supported by descriptive statistics. Formulation and prioritization of strategies to strengthen Mojokerto City's poverty alleviation program in the digital era through the data collection or input stage using the IFAS and EFAS Matrix, the analysis or matching stage using the SWOT Matrix and the decision-making stage using the QSPM. The results of the study showed that BPNT (Sembako) and PKH had not run effectively. The unclear requirements or criteria for target beneficiaries for both BPNT (Sembako) and PKH indicated that the implementation of BPNT (Sembako) and PKH had not been effective. The ineffectiveness of PKH was also indicated by the lack of proper objectives based on the unavailability of a mechanism to control the expenditure of aid money, making it vulnerable to misuse of aid money. The limitations of human resources and budget had caused the management of DTKS to had not been implemented optimally. Some of the required formations in the organizational structure (supervisors/investigators, coordinators and monitoring officers) had not been fulfilled. Likewise with village meetings, technical guidance and monitoring that had not been implemented affect the quality (accuracy) of data collection and verification of DTKS which could result in inclusion and exclusion errors. Factors that influenced the success of Mojokerto City's poverty alleviation program in the digital era included external and internal factors. External factors included opportunities and threats. Opportunities included the commitment of the Mojokerto City Government in poverty alleviation programs, the authority of the Mojokerto City Government in updating DTKS, and clarity of SOPs that facilitate program implementation. Meanwhile, threats included limited competent human resources, limited budget in handling poverty, as well as communication and coordination between stakeholders in handling poverty that is less than optimal. While internal factors included strengths and weaknesses. Strengths included the supporting of the Central Government in poverty alleviation programs, supporting from the business world, zakat management institutions and other social institutions in supporting poverty alleviation programs, the strategic location of Mojokerto City in supporting social assistance programs, as well as the availability of potential and adequate social welfare resources that contributed actively to social welfare efforts. Weaknesses included changing in policies/regulations related to the rapid handling of poverty, the dynamic socio-economic conditions of the people of Mojokerto City, and the lack of public understanding of the target recipients of assistance. Based on the results of the study on the formulation of strategies for strengthening the poverty management program in Mojokerto City in the digital era, nine strategies were obtained with the recommended priority strategy being to integrate all poverty alleviation efforts in an information system.