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      Keragaman Karakteristik Tanah Sepanjang Transek Lahan pada Dua Formasi Geologi di Wilayah Padalarang, Kabupaten Bandung Barat

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      Date
      2022
      Author
      Halim, Dinda Aurelia
      Widjaja, Hermanu
      Suwardi
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      Abstract
      Suatu transek lahan dapat memiliki keragaman karakteristik tanah karena memiliki beberapa perbedaan dalam faktor pembentuk tanah, tergantung pada komponen yang dominan dalam mempengaruhi proses pembentukkan tanah. Area penelitian yang berlokasi di Desa Padalarang merupakan daerah yang unik dengan kondisi geologi dan relief atau bentuk wilayah yang terbentuk dari perbukitan vulkanik, perbukitan struktural tersier karstik, dan dataran rendah alluvial. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguraikan keragaman karakteristik tanah pada suatu transek lahan yang berada pada perbatasan dua formasi geologi, yaitu formasi geologi tersier batugamping (Tomr) dan formasi kuarter vulkanik tua (Qob) di wilayah Padalarang, Kabupaten Bandung Barat. Pengambilan sampel dan analisis lapang dilakukan di empat titik yang berbeda secara toposekuen di dalam suatu jalur transek yang dipilih berdasarkan peta kontur dan pengamatan lapang. Profil tanah PT-1 mewakili lereng koluvial dari tebing karstik batu kapur dengan kemiringan lereng 55%. Profil PT-2 mewakili lereng alluvial-koluvial dengan kemiringan lereng 28%. Profil PT-3 mewakili lereng alluvial dengan lereng 3%. Profil PT-4 mewakili lereng bawah perbukitan dengan kemiringan 15%. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan bahwa transek lahan di lokasi penelitian mempunyai variasi bahan induk, geomorfik lahan dengan tingkat kemiringan, posisi dan proses transportasi material bahan yang berpengaruh terhadap karakteristik tanah, klasifikasi dan tingkat perkembangan tanah. Bahan induk tanah batugamping berpengaruh terhadap sifat kimia tanah yang berkaitan dengan proses pelarutan batu kapur, dan pengaruhnya terlihat pada kandungan Ca-dd dan pH tanah yang tinggi. Interaksi berbagai faktor pembentuk tanah menyebabkan perbedaan karakteristik tanah dan tercermin dalam klasifikasi tanahnya, dimana profil tanah PT-1 pada lereng koluvial dengan kemiringan sangat curam terbentuk tanah Lithic Eutrudept berdebu halus, campuran, super aktif, hiperthermik, PT-2 pada lereng alluvial-koluvial di bawahnya terbentuk tanah Inceptic Hapludalfs berlempung halus, campuran, super aktif, hiperthermik, PT-3 pada lembah alluvial terbentuk tanah Typic Endoaquepts berdebu halus, campuran, super aktif, hiperthermik, dan PT-4 pada kaki lereng terbentuk tanah Aquic Eutrudepts halus, campuran, super aktif, hiperthermik. Tingkat perkembangan tanah berdasarkan parameter diferensiasi horizon genetik, ketebalan horizon B, perbandingan debu/klei dan rasio KTK/persen klei pada horizon B, terlihat hampir sejalan dimana PT-2 > PT-4 > PT-3 > PT-1. Perkembangan tanah pada profil PT-1 terhambat karena faktor erosi akibat berada pada lereng koluvial yang sangat curam, sebaliknya profil PT-3 dan PT-4 yang berada di lembah atau kaki lereng terhabat oleh faktor drainase tanah.
       
      A land transect can have a variety of soil characteristics because it has several differences in soil forming factors, depending on the dominant component in influencing the soil formation process. The study area, which located in Padalarang, is a unique area with geological conditions and relief that were formed from volcanic hills, karstic tertiary structural hills, and alluvial lowlands. This study aims to describe the diversity of soil characteristics on a land transect located on the border of two geological formations, namely a limestone tertiary formation (Tomr) and an old quaternary volcanic formation (Qob), in Padalarang, West Bandung Regency. Sampling and field analysis were carried out at four different toposequence sites on a transect line selected based on the contour map and field observation. Soil profile of PT-1 represents the colluvial slope of a karstic limestone cliff with a slope of 55%. PT-2 represents the alluvial-coluvial slope with a slope of 28%. PT-3 represents the alluvial slope with a slope of 3%. PT-4 represents the hill footslope with a slope of 15%. The results of the study found that the land transects of the study site had variations in parent material and land geomorphic aspects, with slope level, position, and material transportation processes that affected soil characteristics, classification and level of soil development. Soil parent material from limestone affects the chemical properties of the soil related to the dissolution process of limestone, and its effect is shown in the high Exch-Ca content and soil pH values. The interaction of various soil-forming factors causes differences in soil characteristics and it reflected in soil classification, soil profile PT-1 on colluvial with very steep slopes, is classified into Lithic Eutrudept, finesilty, mixed, super active, hyperthermic, PT-2 on alluvial-coluvial slopes, is classified into Inceptic Hapludalfs, fine-loamy, mixed, super active, hyperthermic, PT-3 on the alluvial valley is classified into Typic Endoaquepts fine-silty, mixed, super active, hyperthermic, and PT-4 on the footslope of the hill is classified into Aquic Eutrudepts fine, mixed, super active, hyperthermic. Based on the parameters of genetic horizon differentiation, B horizon thickness, silt/clay ratio and CEC/clay percent ratio in B horizon, shows the level of soil development in the same direction where PT-2 > PT-4 > PT-3 > PT-1. The soil development of PT-1 was influenced by erosion factors due to being on a very steep colluvial slopes, on the other hand PT-3 and PT-4 located in the valley or the footslope were determined by soil drainage conditions.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/111528
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      • UT - Soil Science and Land Resources [2823]

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