Pengelolaan penyakit hawar daun (Helminthosporium spp.) pada tanaman jagung (Zea mays) di Kabupaten Solok Selatan

Abstract

Jagung merupakan komoditas penting di Kabupaten Solok Selatan. Hawar daun (Helminthosporium spp.) adalah salah satu penyakit penting yang menyerang tanaman jagung. Penelitian ini bertujuan menghitung insidensi dan keparahan penyakit, serta mengetahui tingkat pengetahuan, sikap, dan tindakan petani dalam pengelolaan penyakit hawar daun jagung di Kabupaten Solok Selatan. Pengamatan insidensi dan keparahan penyakit dilakukan di Kecamatan Sangir dan Kecamatan Pauh Duo, masing-masing kecamatan dipilih empat lahan. Pada setiap lahan diamati 60 tanaman contoh yang dipilih secara diagonal. Wawancara dilakukan untuk mengetahui teknik budi daya, pengetahuan, sikap dan tindakan petani tentang pengelolaan penyakit hawar daun jagung. Data insidensi dan keparahan penyakit ditabulasi menggunakan Microsoft Excel 2013 dan dianalisis secara deskriptif. Dua penyebab penyakit hawar daun jagung yang ditemukan adalah Helminthosporium turcicum dan H. maydis. Insidensi penyakit mencapai 100% dengan keparahan penyakit paling tinggi sebesar 43,33%. Dalam pengelolaan penyakit hawar daun jagung, tingkat pengetahuan dan tindakan petani responden tergolong masih kurang, sikap cukup baik.

Corn is an important commodity in South Solok Regency. Leaf blight (Helminthosporium spp.) is one of the important diseases infecting corn plants. This study aims to calculate the development of the disease incidence and severity, as well as to determine the level of knowledge, attitudes, and actions of farmers in managing corn leaf blight in South Solok Regency. Observations of disease incidence and severity were carried out in Sangir and Pauh Duo sub-districts, each sub-district was selected four corn fields. In each field, 60 sample plants were observed which were selected diagonally. Farmer interviews were conducted to determine the cultivation techniques, knowledge, attitudes, and actions of farmers in managing the corn leaf blight. Data on the disease incidence and severity were tabulated using Microsoft Excel 2013 and analyzed descriptively. Base on disease symptom, two pathogens of corn leaf blight identified were Helminthosporium turcicum and H. maydis. The incidence of disease reached 100% with the highest disease severity of 43,33%. In the management of corn leaf blight, the level of knowledge and action respondent farmers are still lacking, while attitudes level is quite good.