Performa Komunikasi dalam Mengembangkan Kapasitas Badan Usaha Milik Desa untuk Kewirausahaan Sosial di Desa Panggungharjo Kabupaten Bantul
Date
2021Author
Kusuma, Satria
Hubeis, Aida
Sugihen, Basita
Sarwoprasodjo, Sarwititi
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Badan Usaha Milik Desa secara partisipatif melibatkan berbagai unsur masyarakat untuk mengelola wirausaha desa yang merupakan solusi masalah kesempatan kerja dan ekonomi perdesaan, sebagai sarana untuk meningkatkan kualitas hidup individu, keluarga dan komunitas yang berkontribusi terhadap pembangunan perdesaan berkelanjutan. Komunikasi pembangunan mendorong organisasi wirausaha sosial untuk memiliki ide inovatif tentang bagaimana meningkatkan kehidupan masyarakat lokal di berbagai bidang (lingkungan, kesehatan, pendidikan, air, kesetaraan gender) dengan tujuan meningkatkan layanan usaha, memperluas jangkauan usaha dan bagaimana dapat bertahan untuk menjalankan usaha.
Satu tahun setelah terbitnya Undang-Undang nomor 6 tahun 2014 tentang Desa serta setelah Kementerian Desa PDTT menerbitkan Peraturan Menteri Desa No. 4 Tahun 2015 tentang pendirian, pengurusan dan pengelolaan dan pembubaran Badan Usaha Milik Desa maka pemerintah Desa Panggungharjo melakukan penyesuaian atas kedua peraturan tersebut dengan menerbitkan Peraturan Desa nomor 9 tahun 2015 tentang BUMDes. BUMDes Panggung Lestari menampung kegiatan-kegiatan di bidang ekonomi dan pelayanan jasa publik; mewujudkan kelembagaan perekonomian masyarakat perdesaan yang mandiri dan penggalian potensi lokal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis performa komunikasi anggota dalam mengonstruksi budaya organisasi BUMDes Panggungharjo; selanjutnya menganalisis performa komunikasi dalam mengembangkan kapasitas kewirausahaan sosial; serta membangun model komunikasi peningkatan kapasitas BUMDes untuk mengelola kewirausahaan sosial berkelanjutan.
Peneliti menggunakan desain studi kasus yang mengungkap keunikan serta kekhasan karakteristik BUMDes Desa Panggungharjo Kabupaten Bantul yang memiliki unit usaha pengelolaan sampah, minyak nyamplung dan jelantah, Swadesa (kerajinan dan paguyuban PKL), dan wisata Desa. Metode kualitatif dengan paradigma konstruktivis digunakan untuk memahami dunia pengalaman nyata yang kompleks dari sudut pandang 70 informan anggota BUMDes di Desa Panggungharjo yang menyuguhkan konstruksi-konstruksi (makna) berbagai peristiwa dan fenomena melalui proses interaksi sosial.
Penelitian ini menemukan pada dimensi ritual tugas diperoleh proposisi bahwa kearifan lokal hamemayu hayuning bawana yang menjiwai koordinasi dan pengarahan pemberdayaan komunitas, lembaga lokal dan pemasaran produk lokal meningkatkan manfaat sosial. Proposisi yang kedua yaitu kearifan lokal hamemayu hayuning bawana yang menjiwai komunikasi inovasi (teknologi, produk, tata kelola kelembagaan, investor) dan pengelolaan ekonomi lokal (produk, SDM, keterampilan) akan meningkatkan keuntungan BUMDes. Pada dimensi ritual personal ditemukan proposisi bahwa kearifan lokal hamemayu hayuning bawana yang menjiwai koordinasi pimpinan dan karyawan tentang rangkap kerja, saling membantu pekerjaan, penyelesaian masalah dan fleksibilitas waktu meningkatkan kinerja dan pelayanan BUMDes kepada masyarakat. Pada dimensi ritual sosial ditemukan proposisi kearifan lokal hamemayu hayuning bawana yang menjiwai obrolan/perbincangan membangun keakraban menguatkan soliditas karyawan BUMDes. Pada dimensi ritual organisasi ditemukan proposisi bahwa kearifan lokal hamemayu hayuning bawana yang menjiwai komunikasi dalam rapat, rembug untuk kesepakatan dan kerjasama, sosialisasi pemasaran, promosi kepada jaringan relasi dan studi banding mampu meningkatkan sinergitas dan keuntungan usaha BUMDes. Proposisi selanjutnya adalah kearifan lokal hamemayu hayuning bawana yang menjiwai pengedukasian pengelolaan lingkungan, memfasilitasi kegiatan masyarakat dan partisipasi usaha menguatkan partisipasi dalam mengembangkan usaha BUMDes.
Pada dimensi performa politis ditemukan proposisi bahwa kearifan lokal hamemayu hayuning bawana yang menjiwai pengawasan dan target kerja, perekrutan berbasis kompetensi meningkatkan kualitas kinerja BUMDes. Proposisi yang kedua yaitu kearifan lokal hamemayu hayuning bawana yang menjiwai kebijakan inovasi (alat kerja, produk, usaha), penataan UMKM dan kebijakan partisipasi pendirian usaha (paguyuban) meningkatkan keuntungan usaha BUMDes. Pada dimensi performa enkulturasi ditemukan proposisi bahwa pembelajaran dengan learning by doing (pengetahuan dan keterampilan) dan praktik menguatkan pemahaman prosedur kerja BUMDes. Proposisi yang kedua bahwa pengajaran perilaku dan menjaga lingkungan, rolling posisi (mutasi) untuk empati meningkatkan kesadaran tentang manfaat sosial dan lingkungan.
Pada dimensi ritual hasrat ditemukan proposisi bahwa kearifan lokal hamemayu hayuning bawana yang menjiwai berbagi cerita mengenai informasi dan inovasi (produk, usaha, mitra usaha, investor, bahan baku dan keuangan) menguatkan pengembangan kreativitas dan inovasi BUMDes. Proposisi yang kedua yaitu kearifan lokal hamemayu hayuning bawana yang menjiwai berbagi cerita mengenai sejarah, potensi lokal (pengetahuan, keterampilan, teknologi), konservasi sumber daya alam dan budaya meningkatkan kesadaran dalam pengelolaan ekonomi lokal. Pada dimensi performa sosial ditemukan proposisi bahwa kearifan lokal hamemayu hayuning bawana yang menjiwai sikap mengapresiasi (pujian, bonus dan jenjang karir), apresiasi prestasi dan target, saling membantu/kerjasama, mengingatkan, memberi saran, masukan dan ide menguatkan semangat kerja dan keguyubrukunan. Proposisi yang kedua yaitu kearifan lokal hamemayu hayuning bawana yang menjiwai perbincangan/obrolan tentang sikap sopan (tata krama), saling menghormati, peduli, berempati, toleransi, bersilaturahmi, saling menghibur, kerukunan menguatkan rasa kekeluargaan. Village-owned Enterprises (BUMDes) participatively involve various elements of a community to manage village enterprises and to accommodate business units of village community. Village enterprises is a solution for job opportunity dan rural economy issues, as well as the means to improve individual, family and communal quality of life which contributes toward sustainable rural development. Development communication encourages social enterprise organizations to come up with innovative ideas regarding how to improve the life of local community in various fields that starts from environment, health, education, water, gender equality, etc. The new phase helps small social enterprises to improve their organizations in such a way. The purpose is that the actors of enterprises think about how to improve business services, and expand business range, and the most important thing is how to withstand in running the business. Members of enterprise organizations make efforts to improve organization and understand better methods to get sustainable business support.
A year after the enactment of Law No. 6 year 2014 regarding Village, and shortly after Ministry of Village and Development of Disadvantaged Regions and Transmigration enacted Minister of Village’s Regulation No. 4 year 2015 regarding the Establishment, Organization, and Management, and Dismissal of Village-owned Enterprises, the village government of Panggungharjo conducted adjustment based on both regulations and enacted Village’s Regulation No. 9 year 2015 regarding Village-owned Enterprises. The purpose of the establishment of Panggung Lestari BUMDes is to accommodate the economy and public service activities; manifesting the independent rural community economic institution to provide services toward people’s needs; exploring local potentials. The study aimed to: (1) Analyze members’ communication performance in business units in constructing organizational culture in ritual, passion, social, politic and enculturation dimensions of Panggungharjo Village BUMDes; (2) Analyze members’ meaning and understanding toward organizational culture in social value, civil society, innovation and economic activity; (3) Create a model of communication program strategy in improving BUMDes capacity to manage sustainable social entrepreneurship.
The study used case study design that revealed the uniqueness and peculiarities of cases characteristic of Panggungharjo Village BUMDes of Bantul Regency that owned waste management business unit, waste cooking oil and nyamplung (calophyllum inophyllum) oil business unit, Swadesa business unit, and Kampoeng Mataraman business unit. The study used qualitative method with constructive paradigm to understand the complex real world experience from the point of view of 70 informants of BUMDes members in Panggungharjo Village who consisted of advisors, supervisors, administrators in the management and business units as well as community groups and Village Institution that presented constructions (values) of various events and phenomena through social interaction process. The study analyzed the communication performance of BUMDES business units and analyzed the correlation of organizational culture theory and social entrepreneurship as well as created a model of communication program strategy in improving BUMDes capacity to manage sustainable social entrepreneurship.
The study discovered that in the dimension of ritual duty a proposition is revealed that local wisdom hamemayu hayuning bawana (to beautify the beauty of the world), which inspires the coordination and guidelines of community empowerment, local institution and the marketing of local products, will improve social benefits. The second proposition is that the local wisdom hamemayu hayuning bawana which inspires the innovation communication (technology, product, institutional governance, investor) and local economy management (product, Human Resources, skill) will increase the profit of BUMDes (Village-Owned Enterprise). From the dimension of ritual personal a proposition is revealed that local wisdom hamemayu hayuning bawana which inspires the coordination of leaders and employees concerning double work, helping each other, problem solving, and time flexibility, will improve working performance and service of BUMDes toward society. In the dimension of ritual social a proposition is revealed that local wisdom hamemayu hayuning bawana which inspires the conversations, builds closeness and strengthens solidity of BUMDes employees. In the dimension of ritual organization a proposition is revealed that local wisdom hamemayu hayuning bawana which inspires communication during meetings, discussions for agreements, marketing socialization, promotion to networks of colleagues, and comparative study will be able to improve business synergy and profit of BUMDes. The next proportion is local wisdom hamemayu hayuning bawana which inspires environmental management education, facilitates community activities, and business participation will strengthen participation in developing the business of BUMDes.
In the dimension of political performance, a proposition is revealed that local wisdom hamemayu hayuning bawana which inspires working target and control, competency-based recruitment, will improve the performance quality of BUMDes. The second proposition is that local wisdom hamemayu hayuning bawana which inspires the innovation policy (working instruments, products, business), small business control and the participation policy for business establishment (association) will improve business profit of BUMDes. In the dimension of enculturation performance a proposition is revealed that learning by doing method ( knowledge and skills) and practices strengthen the understanding toward working procedures of BUMDes. The second proposition is behavioral teaching and environmental protection, deposition for empathy will increase the awareness of social and environmental benefits.
In the dimension of ritual desire a proposition is revealed that local wisdom hamemayu hayuning bawana which inspires various stories of information and innovation (products, business, business partner, investor, raw material, and finance) strengthen the development of creativity and innovation of BUMDes. The second proposition is that local wisdom hamemayu hayuning bawana inspires various stories of history, local potentials (knowledge, skills, technology), natural resource and culture conservation will improve the awareness in managing local economy. In the dimension of social performance a proposition is revealed that local wisdom hamemayu hayuning bawana which inspires appreciation (compliment, bonus, and career path), accomplishment appreciation toward accomplishment and target, helping each other/cooperation, reminder, giving advice, input, and ideas will strengthen working spirit and harmony. The second proposition is that local wisdom hamemayu hayuning bawana which inspires sharing stories about putting thoughts together, leadership consolidation, teamwork, professionality, egalitarian attitudes, joy, and harmony will strengthen empathy and convenience of work. The last proposition proposition is local wisdom hamemayu hayuning bawono which inspires conversation concerning manners, mutual respect, care, empathy, tolerance, and good relationship, mutual consolation, harmony will strengthen the sense of kinship.
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- DT - Human Ecology [537]