Organisme Pengganggu Tanaman dan Peran POPT dalam Pemasyarakatan PHT: Studi Kasus di Kecamatan Kalijati, Kabupaten Subang, Jawa Barat

Abstract

Pada tahun 1985 terjadi ledakan serangan hama wereng batang coklat (WBC) yang menyebabkan kerugian besar di daerah sentra padi di Pulau Jawa. Pemerintah menyikapi peristiwa tersebut dengan dikeluarkannya Inpres Nomor 3 Tahun 1986 yang berisi penerapan pengendalian hama terpadu (PHT) yang kemudian mendorong dikeluarkannnya UU Nomor 12 Tahun 1992 yang berisi perlindungan tanaman dilakukan dengan sistem PHT. POPT memiliki peran penting dalam implementasi PHT. Oleh karena itu, pengamatan ini diperlukan untuk mengetahui OPT padi dan peran POPT dalam penerapan PHT. Praktik lapang bertujuan mengamati organisme pengganggu tanaman padi beserta pengendaliannya dan mengamati peran serta program POPT dalam penerapan PHT di Kecamatan Kalijati, Kabupaten Subang, Jawa Barat. Praktik lapang dilakukan di Balai Penyuluhan dan Kantor POPT Kecamatan Kalijati, Kabupaten Subang. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Juli sampai September 2020. Praktik lapang dilakukan dengan pengamatan keadaan umum lokasi praktik lapang, pengamatan OPT penting, wawancara terstruktur, analisis peran POPT dalam penyuluhan, analisis program khusus POPT, dan analisis data. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan beberapa OPT penting yang ditemukan di lapangan yaitu: wereng, penggerek batang padi, tikus sawah, penyakit blas, dan penyakit hawar daun bakteri. Pengetahuan responden terhadap jenis OPT dan musuh alami, penggunaan merk dagang pestisida, dan hasil produksi dipengaruhi oleh keikutsertaan petani dalam SLPHT. POPT memiliki peran penting dalam penyuluhan yaitu pada kegiatan Sekolah Lapang PHT. Tahapan yang dilakukan POPT dalam memandu SLPHT yaitu: analisis lapang, penyampaian materi, dan praktik lapang. Persepsi responden terhadap materi, media, dan metode dalam SLPHT dikatakan cukup efektif oleh sebagian besar responden. Program khusus POPT dalam implementasi PHT yaitu perbanyakan agen hayati, pembentukan kelompok tani ramah lingkungan, penyediaan sarana produksi pertanian, dan evaluasi.

In 1985, there was an explosion of brown planthopper (WBC) pests which caused huge losses in the rice center areas on the island of Java. The government over come this situation with the issuance of Presidential Instruction Number 3 of 1986, which contained the implementation of integrated pest control (IPM). Furthermore the government then prompted the issuance of Law Number 12 of 1992, as a guidance that plant protection carried out with the IPM system. POPT has an important role in the implementation of IPM. The field practice aims to observe rice pests and their control and to observe the role of the POPT program in implementing IPM in Kalijati District, Subang Regency, West Java. The field practice was carried out at the Extension Center and the POPT Office, Kalijati District, Subang Regency. The research was conducted from July to September 2020. Field practice was carried out by observing the general condition of the field practice location, observing important pests, conducting structured interviews, analyzing the role of POPT in counseling, analyzing POPT special programs, and analyzing data. Observations showed several important pests found in the field, namely: planthopper, rice stem borer, field rat, blast disease, and bacterial leaf blight. Respondents' knowledge of the types of pests and natural enemies, the use of pesticide trademarks, and production yields are influenced by the participation of farmers in SLPHT. POPT has an important role in counseling, namely in IPM Field School activities. The stages carried out by POPT in guiding SLPHT are: field analysis, delivery of material, and field practice. Respondents' perceptions of the materials, media, and methods in the SLPHT were said to be quite effective by most of the respondents. POPT special programs in the implementation of IPM are the multiplication of biological agents, the formation of environmentally friendly farmer groups, the provision of agricultural production facilities, and evaluation. The role of POPT in SLPHT determines the success rate of IPM implementation.