Modelling of Land Utilization for Settlement in Cianjur Regency

Abstract

Cianjur regency is one of many regencies affected by the expansion of Jakarta and Bandung Metropolitan. Consequently, people are migrating to the cities caused an increasing population. It leads to experiencing uncontrolled advancement and arising problems. One of them is the raising land demand for settlement development, but the land is limited. Therefore, there is a need to address these particularities. This research aimed to model land utilization for settlement. To achieve the main aim, three specific objectives have arisen. First is identified land suitability for settlement. Second, delineated land availability for settlement. Third, allocated land for settlement based on demand. The methodology used is Multi-criteria evaluation (MCE) and geographical information system (GIS). They were collaborated to define the suitability class for settlement. The analytical hierarchy process (AHP) sets the criteria's weight using a pairwise comparison matrix. Overlapping the Land-use existing, Spatial plan or in Bahasa is Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah (RTRW) and Sustainable food farm or in Bahasa is Lahan Pertanian Pangan Berkelanjutan (LP2B) were carried out to delineate the land available for settlement in 2030. In the end, a priority matrix has been built for allocating the demand of settlement. Two critical variables were considered in this stage: land suitability class and distance from the activity center. The AHP result showed that the most crucial consideration to define the land suitability class for settlement in Cianjur regency came from the disaster consideration. There are landslide and flood-risk. When the preferences between developers, academics, and government are separated, a different result is found. Developers think that the essential criterion is the accessibility consideration, especially distance to the nearest road. Meanwhile, academics and governments think that disaster consideration is the most important. Suitability classes for settlement in Cianjur Regency are: highly suitable (S1) 36%, suitable (S2) 7%, marginally suitable (S3) 44%, and not suitable (N) 14%. The land availability for settlement development decreases after implementing the Spatial plan and Sustainable food farm regulations. Land availability for settlement of Cianjur regency in 2030 is only 81 km2 or 2% of the total area. Allocation of the land demand for settlement focuses on two sub-districts in Cianjur regency: Sukaresmi and Agrabinta sub-districts. These two are representative of each cluster of the region. Sukaresmi presented Northern Cianjur, and Agrabinta presented the Southern of Cianjur. Allocation for settlement in 2030 in Sukaresmi will utilize the land with Priority one, Priority two, and Priority three for Business as usual (BAU), tradition protection, Market forces, and Horizontal expansion scenario. For Vertical expansion, it will utilize the land with Priority one and Priority two. The allocation of land demand for settlement in Agrabinta under Business, as usual, Market forces, and Horizontal expansion will use land with Priority one, two, and three. The Tradition protection will utilize land with Priority one and two, while the Vertical expansion scenario will only utilize the land with Priority one.

This study gave an overview of the land suitability, availability, and the projected land for allocating the land for settlement based on five different scenarios. The marginally suitable class for settlement dominates Cianjur regency. Therefore, building the settlement in a marginally suitable class is might be expansive. It is because the land has to be repaired first. The different perspectives among developers, academics, and government in determining the most critical criteria for land suitability plays a crucial role in the next Cianjur's settlement development planning. In addition, the implementation of the Spatial Plan and Sustainable food farm regulations can minimize environmental problems. Seeing that, all-region has to pursue the local regulation on LP2B to maintain the farmland from land conversion for settlement uses or others. The projected allocated land for settlement in 2030 also is an insight for the development planning of Cianjur regency, especially when the main program is to expand the settlement without sacrificing the environment.