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      Pengaruh Pemberian KomFABA Terhadap Sifat-Sifat Tanah dan Pertumbuhan Tanaman Jagung (Zea mays) pada Tanah Pulau Belitung

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      Date
      2022
      Author
      Budiman, Anri Safitra
      Suryaningtyas, Dyah Tjahyandari
      Suwardi, Suwardi
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      Abstract
      Pembakaran batubara menghasilkan sekitar 5% polutan padat yang disebut fly ash dan bottom ash (FABA). Abu batubara memiliki pH alkalin, unsur hara mikro, dan kemampuan mengikat air kapasitas sedang sampai tinggi. Pemanfaatan FABA dapat dikombinasikan dengan bahan organik dalam bentuk kompos yang disebut KomFABA untuk hasil yang lebih optimal. Bahan organik mengandung unsur hara makro dan mikro yang lengkap walaupun dalam jumlah relatif kecil. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari pengaruh bahan amelioran kombinasi dari kompos, FABA, dan mikoriza dalam memperbaiki sifat-sifat tanah dan pertumbuhan tanaman jagung pada tanah Pulau Belitung. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Pendidikan Cikabayan IPB. Penelitian terdiri dari dua percobaan rumah kaca. Perlakuan pada percobaan pertama terdiri atas 3 jenis, yaitu perbandingan komposisi pembenah tanah yang merupakan campuran antara kompos dan FABA, dosis campuran KomFABA dan dosis mikoriza. Perbandingan campuran kompos dan FABA adalah K1 (75:25), K2 (50:50), dan K3 (25:75); dosis KomFABA, yaitu D1 (75 ton/ha) dan D2 (150 ton/ha); dan dosis mikoriza, yaitu M1 (5 g/4 kg media) dan M2 (2,5 g/4 kg media). Percobaan kedua disusun menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap satu faktor yaitu dosis campuran kompos dengan mikoriza. Perlakuan pada percobaan ini terdiri dari campuran kompos 5 taraf, masing-masing sebanyak P1 (112,5 ton/ha), P2 (75 ton/ha), P3 (56,25 ton/ha), P4 (37,5 ton/ha),dan P5 (18,75 ton/ha) dengan mikoriza pada dosis yang sama dengan pada percobaan pertama, sehingga total ada 11 perlakuan termasuk kontrol. Parameter sifat-sifat tanah, kompos, dan FABA yang dianalisis adalah pH, C-organik, N-total, kapasitas tukar kation, basa-basa, Al-dd, P-total, P-tersedia, unsur mikro, dan tekstur. Parameter pertumbuhan tanaman yang diamati adalah tinggi, bobot tajuk dan akar tanaman. Hasil penelitian percobaan pertama menunjukkan perlakuan KomFABA memiliki pengaruh terhadap peningkatan kualitas sifat-sifat kimia tanah. Pemberian KomFABA juga memiliki pengaruh terhadap pertambahan tinggi dan bobot tanaman jagung. Perlakuan terbaik terdapat pada K1D2M1 yaitu perbandingan kompos dan FABA 75:25, dosis KomFABA 150 ton/ha, dan dosis mikoriza 5 g/4 kg media. Hasil percobaan kedua menunjukkan pemberian kompos dan mikoriza secara nyata meningkatkan tinggi dan bobot basah tajuk tanaman jagung, dengan perlakuan terbaik pada dosis kompos 112,5 ton/ha dan mikoriza sebanyak 5 g/kg media.
       
      Burning coal produces about 5% of solid pollutants called fly ash and bottom ash (FABA). Coal ash has an alkaline pH, micronutrients, and the ability to bind to moderate to high capacity water. For better results, FABA can be combined with compost, and it is named as KomFABA. Organic matter contains complete macro and micro nutrients even in relatively small quantities. This research aims to study the impact of amelioran materials combined from compost, FABA, and mycorrhizal in improving soil properties and the growth of corn crops on soils from Belitung Island. The research was conducted at Cikabayan IPB Education Farm. The study consisted of two greenhouse experiments. The treatments in the first trial consisted of 3 types, namely the ratio of compost and FABA, mixed doses of KomFABA and doses of mycorrhizal. The comparison of the mixture of compost and FABA is K1 (75:25), K2 (50:50), and K3 (25:75); KomFABA dose, namely D1 (75 tons/ ha) and D2 (150 tons / ha); and doses of mycorrhizal, namely M1 (5 g/4 kg media) and M2 (2.5 g/4 kg media). The second experiment was prepared using a complete randomized design with one factor and two replications. The treatments were mixture of (1) compost consisting of 5 levels, each as much as P1 (112.5 tons/ha), P2 (75 tons/ha), P3 (56.25 tons/ha), P4 (37.5 tons/ha), and P5 (18.75 tons/ha) and (2) mycorrhizal in the same dose of in the first experiment so that in total there were 11 treatments including control. The parameters of soil, compost, and FABA properties analyzed were pH, organic-C, total-N, cation exchange capacity, bases, exchangeable-Al, total-P, available-P, micro-elements, and textures. The observed plant growth parameters were plant height, fresh shoot weight and roots. The results of the first experimental study showed that KomFABA tend to improve the quality of soil chemical properties and plant vegetative parameters. The application of KomFABA also tended to increase in height and fresh shoot weight of corn crops. The best treatment was K1D2M1 or a mixture of compost and FABA 75:25, a dose of KomFABA of 150 tons / ha, and a dose of mycorrhizal 5 g/4 kg media. The results of the second experiment showed that compost and mycorrhizal markedly improved the plant height and fresh shoot weight of corn crops, with the best treatment at compost doses of 112.5 tons/ha and mycorrhizal as much as 5 g/kg of media.
       
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      http://repository.ipb.ac.id/handle/123456789/110475
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      • UT - Soil Science and Land Resources [2824]

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      Indonesia DSpace Group 
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