Sifat Anti Rayap Zat Ekstraktif Kulit Kayu Manglid (Magnolia sumatrana Miq.) terhadap Serangan Rayap Tanah (Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgren)

Abstract

Manglid (Magnolia sumatrana Miq.) merupakan salah satu jenis tanaman yang banyak dikembangkan di hutan rakyat Jawa Barat. Jenis ini relatif cepat tumbuh dan termasuk kelas awet II, sehingga memiliki ketahanan alami terhadap organisme perusak kayu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kadar ekstraktif kulit kayu manglid serta mengukur bioaktivitas zat ekstraktif tersebut terhadap rayap Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgren dan menganalisis komponen senyawa kimia yang terkandung di dalam fraksi teraktif. Ekstrak aseton yang diperoleh melalui ekstraksi dengan metode maserasi, difraksinasi secara bertingkat dengan pelarut n-heksan, etil eter, etil asetat. Analisis kimia dilakukan terhadap fraksi yang paling aktif dengan alat GC-MS. Fraksi etil asetat memiliki persentase mortalitas rayap rata - rata tertinggi sebesar 55,47 % serta persentase kehilangan berat kertas selulosa rata - rata terendah sebesar 24,89 %. Senyawa yang diduga mengandung bioaktivitas anti-rayap, yaitu (+)spathulenol dan (-)- Caryophyllene oxide.

Manglid (Magnolia sumatrana Miq.) is a plant that is widely developed in the community forests of West Java. This species is relatively fast growing and has durable class II, so it has natural resistance to wood destroyers. This study aims to determine the extractive content of the manglid bark and to measure the bioactivity of the extractive substance against the termite Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgren and to analyze the components of chemical compounds contained in the most active fraction. The acetone extract obtained by extraction by maceration method was fractionated in stages with n-hexane, ethyl ether, and ethyl acetate as solvents. Chemical analysis was carried out on the most active fraction by means of GC-MS. The ethyl acetate fraction had the highest average termite mortality percentage of 55.47% and the lowest percentage of cellulose paper weight loss was 24.89%. The compounds suspected to contain anti-termite bioactivity are (+)spathulenol and (-)- Caryophyllene oxide.