Aktivitas Antijamur Zat Ekstraktif Kayu Manglid (Magnolia sumatrana (Miq.) Figlar & Noot)

Abstract

Untuk meningkatkan masa pakai kayu maka perlu dilakukan pengawetan. Namun bahan pengawet yang digunakan pada saat ini banyak yang berasal dari bahan sintetik sehingga membahayakan lingkungan dan kesehatan manusia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kadar zat ekstraktif kayu manglid (Magnolia sumatrana (Miq.) Figlar & Noot) dan menguji sifat antijamur zat eksttraktif tersebut terhadap jamur pelapuk putih (Schizophyllum commune) dan jamur pelapuk cokelat (Tyromyces palustris), serta mengidentifikasi komponen kimia fraksi teraktif. Serbuk kayu teras manglid diekstraksi menggunakan aseton. Ekstrak aseton yang dihasilkan lalu difraksinasi secara bertingkat dengan n-heksana, etil eter, dan etil asetat. Masing-masing fraksi diuji sifat antijamurnya terhadap jamur pelapuk. Fraksi yang mempunyai sifat antijamur paling aktif selanjutnya diidentifikasi menggunakan GCMS-Pirolisis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kadar esktrak aseton kayu teras manglid sebesar 4,75% yang terdiri dari fraksi n-heksana sebesar 0,85%, fraksi etil eter 0,45%, fraksi etil asetat 0,67%, dan fraksi residu sebesar 2,78%. Dari uji antijamur diketahui bahwa fraksi etil asetat memiliki aktivitas antijamur paling tinggi. Dari analisis kimia dengan GCMS diperoleh 4 senyawa dominan yang memiliki sifat antijamur yang diduga berperan dalam menghambat pertumbuhan jamur yaitu Phenol, 2-methoxy- (CAS) Guaiaco; Phenol, 2-methoxy-4-(2-propenyl)- (CAS) Eugenol; Phenol, 2,6-dimethoxy- (CAS) 2,6-Dimethoxyphenol; dan 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester (CAS) Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate.

To increase the service life of wood, it is necessary to preserve it. However, most of the preservatives used today are synthetic materials that are harmful to the environment and human health. This study aimed to determine the extractive content of manglid wood (Magnolia sumatrana (Miq.) Figlar & Noot) and to test the antifungal properties of the extractive against white rot fungus (Schizophyllum commune) and brown rot fungus (Tyromyces palustris), and identify the chemical components of the most active fraction. Manglid wood was extracted using acetone. The resulting acetone extract was then fractionated in stages with n-hexane, ethyl ether, and ethyl acetate. Each fraction was further tested for its antifungal properties against rotting fungi. The most active fraction was then identified using Pyrolysis-GCMS. The results showed that the acetone extract content of manglid hearthwood was 4,75% consisting of n-hexane fraction of 0,85%, ethyl ether fraction of 0,45%, ethyl acetate fraction of 0,67%, and residual fraction of 2,78%. The ethyl acetate fraction had the highest antifungal activity. From chemical analysis by GCMS obtained 4 dominant compounds that have antifungal properties that are thought to play a role in inhibiting fungal growth, namely Phenol, 2-methoxy- (CAS) Guaiacol; Phenol, 2-methoxy-4-(2-propenyl)- (CAS) Eugenol; Phenol, 2,6-dimethoxy- (CAS) 2,6-Dimethoxyphenol; and 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester (CAS) Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate.