Karakteristik Fisikokimia dan Aktivitas Antibakteri Asap Cair dari Limbah Padat Penyulingan Minyak Kayu Putih

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan rendemen, menganalisis karakteristik fisikokimia, serta menguji aktivitas antibakteri Escherichia coli dan Staphyloccocus aureus dari asap cair hasil pirolisis limbah padat (daun dan ranting). Pembuatan asap cair dilakukan dengan pirolisis menggunakan suhu 400 oC selama 4-5 jam, kemudian asap cair diendapkan dan disaring untuk pemisahan tar. Pengujian yang dilakukan yaitu analisis karakteristik fisikokimia meliputi berat jenis, keasaman, warna, bau, transparansi dan analisis Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometer (GCMS) serta aktivitas antibakterinya. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa perbedaan bahan baku memberikan pengaruh terhadap kualitas asap cair yang dihasilkan. Asap cair bagian ranting memiliki kualitas fisikokimia dan aktivitas antibakteri yang lebih baik dari asap cair daun. Berdasarkan hasil GCMS, kandungan asam asap cair ranting lebih dominan dibandingkan asap cair daun. Selain itu, peningkatan konsentrasi asap cair hingga 15% pada setiap jenis bahan dapat meningkatkan aktivitas antibakteri. Asap cair campuran (daun-ranting) memiliki kualitas fisikokimia dan aktivitas antibakteri yang cenderung sama dengan asap cair ranting sehingga dapat menjadi alternatif bahan baku.

The objective of this research was to determine the yield, analyze physicochemical characteristics, as well as test the antibacterial activity of Escherichia coli and Staphyloccocus aureus from liquid smoke resulting from the pyrolysis of solid waste (leaf and twig). Liquid smoke was made by pyrolysis using a temperature of 400 oC for 4-5 hours, then the liquid smoke was precipitated and filtered for tar separation. The tests carried out analysis of physicochemical characteristics including specific gravity, acidity, color, odor, transparency and analysis of Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometer (GCMS) as well as its antibacterial activity. The results show that the difference in raw materials have an effect on the quality of the liquid smoke produced. The liquid smoke of the twigs have better physicochemical quality and antibacterial activity than leaves liquid smoke. Based on the results of GCMS, the acid and phenol content of twig liquid smoke is more dominant than leaf liquid smoke. In addition, increasing the concentration of liquid smoke up to 15% in each type of material can increase the antibacterial activity. Mixed liquid smoke (leaf-twig) has physicochemical quality and antibacterial activity which tends to be the same as twig liquid smoke so that it can be an alternative raw material.